如何构建具有多个数据系列的图表

Question

我需要构建一个包含多个数据系列的图表，以根据特定元素（例如 P3、M1、M2 和 MC）比较每种动物的结果（例如“老马”与“新马”）。我想在一个清晰易懂的图表中可视化这些数据。您能否就最佳使用图表类型以及如何有效表示数据提出建议？我正在使用 Excel 和 R。

	老马	骡子老	驴老了	都老了	新马	骡子新品	驴新	全新
P3	98.6	100		98.8	100	100		100
M1	80	100		80	100	100		100
M2	95	62.5		90.5	100	81.3		97.4
MC	87.7	100	0	88.4	97.5	100	100	97.9

Answer 1

正如zx8754已经提到的，您可以使用melt函数来拉长数据表。然后我们可以添加类别（旧的和新的）和特定元素、组和图。请为可怜的驴子添加一些数据，否则结果会看起来很奇怪！

install.packages("reshape2", "tidyverse")
library(tidyverse)
library(reshape2)

# Original Data
data <- data.frame(
  Horse_old = c(98.6, 80.0, 95.0, 87.7),
  Mule_old = c(100.0, 100.0, 62.5, 100.0),
  Donkey_old = c(NA, NA, NA, 0.0), # give values for donkey!
  All_old = c(98.8, 80.0, 90.5, 88.4),
  Horse_new = c(100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 97.5),
  Mule_new = c(100.0, 100.0, 81.3, 100.0),
  Donkey_new = c(100.0, 100.0, NA, 100.0), # give values for donkey!
  All_new = c(100.0, 100.0, 97.4, 97.9)
)

# Reshape data for plotting
data_long <- melt(data, 
                  variable.name = "Category", 
                  value.name = "Value") 

# Extract type (old/new) and animal from 'Category'
data_long <- data_long %>%
  mutate(
    Animal = gsub("_old|_new", "", Category),
    Group = ifelse(grepl("old", Category), "Old", "New"),
    Type = rep(c("P3", "M1", "M2", "MC"), times = 8) # Repeated for clarity
  )

# Plot the data
ggplot(data_long, aes(x = Type, y = Value, color = Animal, group = interaction(Animal, Group))) +
  geom_line(aes(linetype = Group), size = 1.2, alpha = 0.8) +
  geom_point(size = 3, shape = 21, fill = "white") + # Adds points with clear centers
  scale_linetype_manual(values = c("solid", "dashed")) + # Differentiate old vs new
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set2") + # Add a distinguishable color palette
  facet_wrap(~ Group, nrow = 2) +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(
    title = "Comparison of Old vs. New Values for Horses, Mules, and Donkeys",
    x = "Type",
    y = "Value"
  ) +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_text(size = 16, face = "bold"),
    axis.text = element_text(size = 12),
    axis.title = element_text(size = 14),
    legend.title = element_text(size = 14),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 12)
  )

生成此图：