安装 Python-MIP 包时出现 CFFI 问题

Question

我正在尝试安装

mip

（用于数学优化的Python-MIP包）。但是，我遇到了 cffi 包的问题。下面是命令

pip install mip

的结果：

pip install mip
Collecting mip
  Using cached mip-1.14.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (21 kB)
Collecting cffi==1.15.0 (from mip)
  Using cached cffi-1.15.0.tar.gz (484 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Requirement already satisfied: pycparser in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from cffi==1.15.0->mip) (2.22)
Using cached mip-1.14.2-py3-none-any.whl (15.3 MB)
Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
  Building wheel for cffi (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Building wheel for cffi (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [33 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/cffi
      running build_ext
      building '_cffi_backend' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/c
      x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -fno-strict-overflow -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -O2 -Wall -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/home/santos/Documentos/mathprog/.venv/include -I/usr/include/python3.12 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/c/_cffi_backend.o
      c/_cffi_backend.c:2:10: fatal error: Python.h: Arquivo ou diretório inexistente
          2 | #include <Python.h>
            |          ^~~~~~~~~~
      compilation terminated.
      error: command '/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit code 1
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
Failed to build cffi
ERROR: ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (cffi)

cffi 会发生什么？ 在 x86_64 处理器架构上使用 Debian 12 GNU/Linux。

修复它的唯一尝试是检查 mip 包文档，看看是否仍然存在我不知道的依赖项。但没有。

Answer 1

该错误相对清楚地表明缺少 Python（开发-）标头：debian ->

python3-dev

安装它们根据您的发行版