将目录下所有多种编码的文本文件转换为utf-8编码的文本文件

Question

我是 Python 新手，总体而言，也是编码新手。因此，非常感谢任何帮助。

我在一个目录中有超过 3000 个具有多种编码的文本文件。我需要将它们转换为单一编码（例如 utf8）以进行进一步的 NLP 工作。当我使用 shell 检查这些文件的类型时，我确定了以下编码：

Algol 68 source text, ISO-8859 text, with very long lines
Algol 68 source text, Little-endian UTF-16 Unicode text, with very long lines
Algol 68 source text, Non-ISO extended-ASCII text, with very long lines
Algol 68 source text, Non-ISO extended-ASCII text, with very long lines, with LF, NEL line terminators
ASCII text
ASCII text, with very long lines
data
diff output text, ASCII text
ISO-8859 text, with very long lines
ISO-8859 text, with very long lines, with LF, NEL line terminators
Little-endian UTF-16 Unicode text, with very long lines
Non-ISO extended-ASCII text
Non-ISO extended-ASCII text, with very long lines
Non-ISO extended-ASCII text, with very long lines, with LF, NEL line terminators
UTF-8 Unicode (with BOM) text, with CRLF line terminators
UTF-8 Unicode (with BOM) text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators
UTF-8 Unicode text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators

有什么想法如何将具有上述编码的文本文件转换为具有 utf-8 编码的文本文件吗？

Answer 1

我也遇到了和你一样的问题。 我用了两个步骤来解决这个问题。

代码如下：

import os, sys, codecs
import chardet

首先使用chardet包来识别文本的编码。

for text in os.listdir(path):
    txtPATH = os.path.join(path, text)
    txtPATH=str(txtPATH)
    

    f = open(txtPATH, 'rb')
    data = f.read()
    f_charInfo = chardet.detect(data)
    coding2=f_charInfo['encoding']
    coding=str(coding2)
    print(coding)
    data = f.read()

其次，如果文本编码不是utf-8，则将文本重写为utf-8编码到目录中。

        if not re.match(r'.*\.utf-8$', coding, re.IGNORECASE): 
        print(txtPATH)
        print(coding)

        with codecs.open(txtPATH, "r", coding) as sourceFile:
            contents = sourceFile.read()
            
            
            with codecs.open(txtPATH, "w", "utf-8") as targetFile:              
                targetFile.write(contents)

希望这能有所帮助！谢谢

Answer 2

我今天遇到了和你们一样的问题，我根据自己的需要改编了Jessica20119的脚本，因为我在转换文件时做了一些调整。

import os
import chardet
import codecs
import zipfile

zip_path = 'YourZipFile'
temp_dir = 'temp_dir'

# Ensure temp_dir exists
os.makedirs(temp_dir, exist_ok=True)

def detect_encoding(file_path, chunk_size=1024):
    detector = chardet.UniversalDetector()
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
        while True:
            chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
            if not chunk:
                break
            detector.feed(chunk)
            if detector.done:
                break
    detector.close()
    return detector.result['encoding']

with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, 'r') as zip_file:
    for file_name in zip_file.namelist():
        if not file_name.endswith('/'):  # Ensuring it's a file
            full_path = os.path.join(temp_dir, file_name)
        
            # Check if file exists and determine the need for re-processing
            if os.path.exists(full_path):
                current_encoding = detect_encoding(full_path)
                if current_encoding == 'utf-8':
                    print(f"{file_name} is already UTF-8 encoded and will not be processed again.")
                    continue  # Skip processing if already UTF-8

            # Extract the file as it needs processing
            zip_file.extract(file_name, temp_dir)

            # Process the file for encoding conversion
            detected_encoding = detect_encoding(full_path)
            if detected_encoding != 'utf-8':
                try:
                    with codecs.open(full_path, "r", encoding=detected_encoding) as source_file:
                        contents = source_file.read()
                    with codecs.open(full_path, "w", encoding='utf-8') as target_file:
                        target_file.write(contents)
                    print(f"Converted {full_path} to UTF-8.")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"Error processing {full_path}: {e}")

希望有帮助！