使用浏览器中的JavaScript将二进制数据保存为文件

问题描述 投票：41回答：2

我正在使用angularJS开发业务应用程序。我的一个服务方法返回给我一个byte[]（包括PDF文件内容）现在我需要使用PDF将此文件作为JavaScript下载到客户端机器。

如何使用HTML5 Apis或任何JavaScript API？

我用过window.atob(base64String)

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

但得到以下错误Failed to execute 'atob' on 'Window': The string to be decoded is not correctly encoded.

javascript html5 blob
2个回答
55
投票

如果浏览器支持锚元素中的download属性，则可以执行此操作。

var sampleBytes = new Int8Array(4096);

var saveByteArray = (function () {
    var a = document.createElement("a");
    document.body.appendChild(a);
    a.style = "display: none";
    return function (data, name) {
        var blob = new Blob(data, {type: "octet/stream"}),
            url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
        a.href = url;
        a.download = name;
        a.click();
        window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
    };
}());

saveByteArray([sampleBytes], 'example.txt');

的jsfiddle：http://jsfiddle.net/VB59f/2

41
投票

使用FileSaver.js。它支持Chrome，Edge，Firefox和IE 10+（可能IE <10，带有一些“polyfill” - 见注4）。 FileSaver.js在本机不支持它的浏览器中实现saveAs（）FileSaver接口： https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js

缩小版本非常小，<2.5KB，gzip <1.2KB。

用法：

/* TODO: replace the blob content with your byte[] */
var blob = new Blob([yourBinaryDataAsAnArrayOrAsAString], {type: "application/octet-stream"});
var fileName = "myFileName.myExtension";
saveAs(blob, fileName);

在某些浏览器中可能需要Blob.js（参见注释3）。 Blob.js在本机不支持它的浏览器中实现W3C Blob接口。这是一个跨浏览器的实现： https://github.com/eligrey/Blob.js

如果您的文件大于blob的大小限制，也请考虑StreamSaver.js。

FileSaver.js的完整示例：

/* Two options
 * 1. Get FileSaver.js from here
 *     https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js/blob/master/FileSaver.min.js -->
 *     <script src="FileSaver.min.js" />
 *
 * Or
 *
 * 2. If you want to support only modern browsers like Chrome, Edge, Firefox, etc., 
 *    then a simple implementation of saveAs function can be:
 */
function saveAs(blob, fileName) {
    var url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);

    var anchorElem = document.createElement("a");
    anchorElem.style = "display: none";
    anchorElem.href = url;
    anchorElem.download = fileName;

    document.body.appendChild(anchorElem);
    anchorElem.click();

    document.body.removeChild(anchorElem);

    // On Edge, revokeObjectURL should be called only after
    // a.click() has completed, atleast on EdgeHTML 15.15048
    setTimeout(function() {
        window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
    }, 1000);
}

(function() {
    // convert base64 string to byte array
    var byteCharacters = atob("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");
    var byteNumbers = new Array(byteCharacters.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < byteCharacters.length; i++) {
        byteNumbers[i] = byteCharacters.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    var byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
    
    // now that we have the byte array, construct the blob from it
    var blob1 = new Blob([byteArray], {type: "application/octet-stream"});

    var fileName1 = "cool.gif";
    saveAs(blob1, fileName1);

    // saving text file
    var blob2 = new Blob(["cool"], {type: "text/plain"});
    var fileName2 = "cool.txt";
    saveAs(blob2, fileName2);
})();

在Chrome，Edge，Firefox和IE 11上测试（使用FileSaver.js支持IE 11）。 您还可以从canvas元素中保存。见https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js#saving-a-canvas。

演示：https://eligrey.com/demos/FileSaver.js/ FileSaver.js的作者的博客文章：http://eligrey.com/blog/post/saving-generated-files-on-the-client-side

注1：浏览器支持：https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js#supported-browsers

注2：Failed to execute 'atob' on 'Window'

注3：不支持Blob的浏览器的Polyfill：https://github.com/eligrey/Blob.js 见http://caniuse.com/#search=blob

注4：IE <10支持（我没有测试过这部分）： https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js#ie--10 https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js/issues/56#issuecomment-30917476

Downloadify是一个基于Flash的polyfill，用于支持IE6-9：https://github.com/dcneiner/downloadify（不过，我不建议使用基于Flash的解决方案。） 使用Downloadify和FileSaver.js进行演示以支持IE6-9：http://sheetjs.com/demos/table.html

注5：Creating a Blob from a base64 string in JavaScript

注6：FileSaver.js例子：https://github.com/eligrey/FileSaver.js#examples

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