WIN32：关闭窗口

Question

问题

我最近开始使用OpenGL学习Win32编程，并正在尝试创建一个基本窗口并测试提供的各种功能。但是，我注意到，当我关闭窗口（使用关闭按钮

[X]

或
```
Alt+F4
```
）时，该应用程序并未完全终止 - 它保留在任务管理器的进程列表中。
```
当我从
```
WndProc

DefWindowProc()

时，问题仍然存在。该程序在后台徘徊，我必须手动从任务管理器中杀死它。

电流代码

#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gl/GL.h>
#include <iostream>

const char *GREEN = "\x1b[38;2;45;200;120m";

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
void GeneratePixelFormat(HDC &dc);
void SettingUpConsole();
void SetupRC(HDC hDC, GLuint nFontList);
void RenderScene(GLuint nFontList);

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdArg, int nCmd)
{
    // SettingUpConsole();
    WNDCLASS wc = {0};
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = "Window Class";
    // ? CS_OWNDC is required in OpenGL because some old drivers are not very stable without this (check page 656 to 660 in OpenGL SuperBbile)
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)CreateSolidBrush(RGB(248, 248, 255));
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;

    if (!RegisterClass(&wc))
        return 0;

    HWND WindowHandle = CreateWindowExA(
        0, wc.lpszClassName, "Custom Window",
        // ! When making window for OpenGL it is required to set clipchildren and siblings
        // ? If not used then opengl may draw onto sibling or children window also
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS, 0, 0, 1000, 460,
        NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);

    if (!WindowHandle)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
        // printf("Running message loop.\n");
    }
    printf("\x1b[38;2;120mExiting Loop.");

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND WindowHandle, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    static HDC dc = NULL;
    static HGLRC rc = NULL;
    static GLuint nFontList;

    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
    {
        printf("%sGetting window's handle\n", GREEN);
        dc = GetDC(WindowHandle);
        printf("%sSetting pixel format\n", GREEN);
        GeneratePixelFormat(dc);
        printf("%sCreating rendering context...\n", GREEN);
        rc = wglCreateContext(dc);
        printf("%sSetting current context.\n", GREEN);
        wglMakeCurrent(dc, rc);
        printf("%sSending message 30 times per second (30fps)\n", GREEN);
        SetTimer(WindowHandle, 101, 33, NULL);
        SetupRC(dc, nFontList);
        printf("\x1b[38;2;150;150;150m\n");
        return 0;
    }
    case WM_TIMER:
    {
        InvalidateRect(WindowHandle, NULL, FALSE);
        printf("MESSAGE SENT\n");
        return 0;
    }
    case WM_CLOSE:
    {
        printf("WM_CLOSE received. Destroying window...\n");
        ReleaseDC(WindowHandle, dc);
        wglMakeCurrent(dc, NULL);
        wglDeleteContext(rc);
        DestroyWindow(WindowHandle);
        return 0;
    }
    case WM_DESTROY:
    {
        printf("WM_DESTROY received. Posting quit message...\n");
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        KillTimer(WindowHandle, 101);
        // ! Do not remove ExitProcess T_T U_U
        // ? Don't know why but closing the window don't close the process in the task manager
        // ? Therefore using ExitProcess(0) to force process to stop when wm_destory message received.
        // ExitProcess(0);
        return 0;
    }
    case WM_SIZE:
    {
        RenderScene(nFontList);
        SwapBuffers(dc);
        ValidateRect(WindowHandle, NULL);
        return 0;
    }
    case WM_PAINT:
    {
        RenderScene(nFontList);
        SwapBuffers(dc); // Ensure the rendered scene is displayed
        ValidateRect(WindowHandle, NULL);
        return 0;
    }
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(WindowHandle, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
}

void SettingUpConsole()
{
    AllocConsole();
    freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
    freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stderr);

    // Set console to ASCII mode
    SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_ACP);

    // Enable virtual terminal processing
    HANDLE hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
    DWORD consoleMode;
    GetConsoleMode(hConsole, &consoleMode);
    consoleMode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
    SetConsoleMode(hConsole, consoleMode);
}

void GeneratePixelFormat(HDC &dc)
{
    static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = {
        sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), // Size of this structure
        1,                             // Version of this structure
        PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW |           // Draw to window (not to bitmap)
            PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL |       // Support OpenGL calls in window
            PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,          // Double buffered mode
        PFD_TYPE_RGBA,                 // RGBA color mode
        32,                            // Want 32-bit color
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,              // Not used to select mode
        0, 0,                          // Not used to select mode
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0,                 // Not used to select mode
        16,                            // Size of depth buffer
        0,                             // No stencil
        0,                             // No auxiliary buffers
        0,                             // Obsolete or reserved
        0,                             // No overlay and underlay planes
        0,                             // Obsolete or reserved layer mask
        0,                             // No transparent color for underlay plane
        0};                            // Obsolete

    int nPixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(dc, &pfd);
    SetPixelFormat(dc, nPixelFormat, &pfd);
}

void SetupRC(HDC hDC, GLuint nFontList)
{
    // Set up the font characteristics
    HFONT hFont;
    GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT agmf[128]; // Throw away
    LOGFONT logfont;
    logfont.lfHeight = -10;
    logfont.lfWidth = 0;
    logfont.lfEscapement = 0;
    logfont.lfOrientation = 0;
    logfont.lfWeight = FW_BOLD;
    logfont.lfItalic = FALSE;
    logfont.lfUnderline = FALSE;
    logfont.lfStrikeOut = FALSE;
    logfont.lfCharSet = ANSI_CHARSET;
    logfont.lfOutPrecision = OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS;
    logfont.lfClipPrecision = CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS;
    logfont.lfQuality = DEFAULT_QUALITY;
    logfont.lfPitchAndFamily = DEFAULT_PITCH;
    strcpy(logfont.lfFaceName, "Arial");
    // Create the font and display list
    hFont = CreateFontIndirect(&logfont);
    SelectObject(hDC, hFont);
    // Create display lists for glyphs 0 through 128 with 0.1 extrusion
    // and default deviation. The display list numbering starts at 1000
    // (it could be any number).
    nFontList = glGenLists(128);
    wglUseFontOutlines(hDC, 0, 128, nFontList, 0.0f, 0.5f,
                       WGL_FONT_POLYGONS, agmf);
    DeleteObject(hFont);
}
void RenderScene(GLuint nFontList)
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    // Blue 3D text
    glColor3ub(0, 0, 255);
    glPushMatrix();
    glListBase(nFontList);
    glCallLists(6, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, "SDFSDF");
    glPopMatrix();
}

我的makefile

# My Folders
include_folder = ./include
lib_folder = ./lib

# Libraries to include
my_libraries = User32.lib Gdi32.lib ucrt.lib kernel32.lib vcruntime.lib msvcrt.lib opengl32.lib

# INFO(Include Folders)
# Windows Kit Include Folders
kit_include_1 = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.22621.0/winrt"
kit_include_2 = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.22621.0/ucrt"
kit_include_3 = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.22621.0/um"
kit_include_4 = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.22621.0/shared"
kit_include_5 = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.22621.0/cppwinrt"

# Windows Kit Lib Folders
kit_lib_1 = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Lib/10.0.22621.0/um/x64"
kit_lib_2 = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Lib/10.0.22621.0/ucrt/x64"

# MSVC Include Folders
msvc_include = "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.41.34120/include"
msvc_atlmfc_include = "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.41.34120/atlmfc/include"

# MSVC Lib Folders
msvc_lib = "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.41.34120/lib/x64"
msvc_atlmfc_lib = "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.41.34120/atlmfc/lib/x64"

# INFO(Combined Include Folders)
include_folders = /I$(msvc_include) /I$(msvc_atlmfc_include) /I$(kit_include_1) /I$(kit_include_2) /I$(kit_include_3) /I$(kit_include_4) /I$(kit_include_5) /I$(include_folder) /I"C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.22621.0/shared"

#INFO(Combined Lib Folders)
lib_folders = /LIBPATH:$(msvc_lib) /LIBPATH:$(msvc_atlmfc_lib) /LIBPATH:$(kit_lib_1) /LIBPATH:$(kit_lib_2) /LIBPATH:$(lib_folder) $(my_libraries)

# When using windows kit 10.0.19041.0 i.e. Win32
build:
    cl main.cpp ${include_folders} /EHsc /link ${lib_folders} /OUT:./bin/program.exe /SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS /NODEFAULTLIB /ENTRY:WinMain
    del *.obj

# ? Testing if I can use my custom made Logger.dll if I use g++ rather than msvc, because I was not able to use Logger.dll with msvc
# building with g++ without -mwindows flag
# -mwindows flag is used to hide the console window
# mark the entry point as WinMain
buildGPP:
    g++ main.cpp -o ./bin/program.exe -I$(include_folder) -L$(lib_folder) -L./bin -lUser32 -lGdi32 -lucrt -lkernel32 -lLogger

问题

AM我在窗口的清理过程或创建过程中缺少某些内容，这些过程导致窗口/过程在任务管理器中未终止流程？

我目前使用KillProcess功能手动杀死该过程。我应该保留还是会造成任何问题？ （尽管我没有看到任何人使用它。）

我尝试了什么：

DefWindowProc()

注释

`WM_CLOSE`

调用

DestroyWindow()

，
```
WM_DESTROY
```
调用

PostQuitMessage(0)

。

检查了消息循环在退出后通过打印日志消息而退出（

printf("Exiting main loop."))

确实打印，含义循环终止，但该过程却没有。

aadditional注释

我应该遵循任何调试步骤，以追踪为什么该过程持续存在？

message循环应正确处理WM_QUIT，
```
您的消息循环：
```

while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
}

GetMessage

使过程保持生命，则可能永远不会完全终止。尝试将消息循环修改为在接收到

WM_QUIT

时登录：

Answer 1

WM_QUIT

IF

while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) // Ensure GetMessage doesn't return -1 (error)
{
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
printf("Main loop exited. Process should terminate.\n");

。被打印了，但该过程仍然存在，其他事情使它保持活力。

WIN32：关闭窗口

问题描述投票：0回答：1

问题

`WM_CLOSE`

1个回答

最新问题

WIN32：关闭窗口

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

问题

WM_CLOSE

1个回答

最新问题

问题描述投票：0回答：1

`WM_CLOSE`