使用 EF6 加载数据库初始化程序时出错

问题描述 投票：0回答：2

我一直在尝试遵循本教程... http://www.asp.net/mvc/tutorials/getting-started-with-ef-using-mvc/creating-an-entity-framework-data-model -for-an-asp-net-mvc-application 但我不断收到以下错误...

system.invalidoperationException = {"设置数据库失败 'WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingInitializer 类型的初始值设定项， KevinLisaWedding' 用于 DbContext 类型 应用程序中指定的“WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingContext” 配置。有关详细信息，请参阅内部异常。"}

内部例外是...

{“无法从以下位置加载类型“WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingContext” 程序集'EntityFramework，版本= 6.0.0.0，文化=中性， PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089'.":"WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingContext"}

堆栈跟踪是...

   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InitializerConfig.TryGetInitializer(Type requiredContextType, String contextTypeName, String initializerTypeName, Boolean isDisabled, Func`1 initializerArgs, Func`3 exceptionMessage)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InitializerConfig.<>c__DisplayClass6.<TryGetInitializerFromEntityFrameworkSection>b__1(ContextElement e)
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.WhereSelectEnumerableIterator`2.MoveNext()
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.FirstOrDefault[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source, Func`2 predicate)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InitializerConfig.TryGetInitializerFromEntityFrameworkSection(Type contextType)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InitializerConfig.TryGetInitializer(Type contextType)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DependencyResolution.AppConfigDependencyResolver.GetServiceFactory(Type type, String name)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DependencyResolution.AppConfigDependencyResolver.<>c__DisplayClass1.<GetService>b__0(Tuple`2 t)
   at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DependencyResolution.AppConfigDependencyResolver.GetService(Type type, Object key)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DependencyResolution.ResolverChain.<>c__DisplayClass3.<GetService>b__0(IDbDependencyResolver r)
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.WhereSelectArrayIterator`2.MoveNext()
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.FirstOrDefault[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source, Func`2 predicate)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DependencyResolution.ResolverChain.GetService(Type type, Object key)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DependencyResolution.CompositeResolver`2.GetService(Type type, Object key)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DependencyResolution.DbDependencyResolverExtensions.GetService(IDbDependencyResolver resolver, Type type)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.PerformDatabaseInitialization()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.<InitializeDatabase>b__4(InternalContext c)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.RetryAction`1.PerformAction(TInput input)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.InitializeDatabaseAction(Action`1 action)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.InitializeDatabase()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.Initialize()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.GetEntitySetAndBaseTypeForType(Type entityType)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.InternalSet`1.Initialize()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.InternalSet`1.GetEnumerator()
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery`1.System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TResult>.GetEnumerator()
   at System.Collections.Generic.List`1..ctor(IEnumerable`1 collection)
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToList[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source)
   at KevinLisaWedding.Controllers.HomeController.Index() in c:\Users\kdonde\Documents\Visual Studio 2013\Projects\KevinLisaWedding\KevinLisaWedding\Controllers\HomeController.cs:line 14
   at lambda_method(Closure , ControllerBase , Object[] )
   at System.Web.Mvc.ActionMethodDispatcher.Execute(ControllerBase controller, Object[] parameters)
   at System.Web.Mvc.ReflectedActionDescriptor.Execute(ControllerContext controllerContext, IDictionary`2 parameters)
   at System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor, IDictionary`2 parameters)
   at System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.ActionInvocation.InvokeSynchronousActionMethod()
   at System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.<BeginInvokeSynchronousActionMethod>b__36(IAsyncResult asyncResult, ActionInvocation innerInvokeState)
   at System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncResultWrapper.WrappedAsyncResult`2.CallEndDelegate(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
   at System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncResultWrapper.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.End()
   at System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncResultWrapper.End[TResult](IAsyncResult asyncResult, Object tag)
   at System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.EndInvokeActionMethod(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
   at System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.AsyncInvocationWithFilters.<InvokeActionMethodFilterAsynchronouslyRecursive>b__3c()
   at System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.AsyncInvocationWithFilters.<>c__DisplayClass45.<InvokeActionMethodFilterAsynchronouslyRecursive>b__3e()

我还到处搜索了为什么我会收到此错误，但没有任何运气，并且我下载了完成的项目并将其与我的进行比较，但没有任何运气。

我当前的代码如下。

在 WeddingPreparations 项目中... 

namespace WeddingPreparations.Dal
{
    public class WeddingContext : DbContext
    {
        public WeddingContext()
            : base("WeddingContext")  
        {

        }

        // Any entities reference by this class will be implicitly included.
        public DbSet<Invitee> Invitees { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
            //base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }
    }
}

和

namespace WeddingPreparations.Dal
{
    public class WeddingInitializer : System.Data.Entity.DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<WeddingContext>
    {
        protected override void Seed(WeddingContext context)
        {
            //base.Seed(context);
            var invitees = new List<Invitee>
            {
                new Invitee{ FirstName= "FName1", LastName= "LName1", Attending = true, HotelRoomRequired= true, Notes="I'm the groom! :)"},
                new Invitee{ FirstName= "FName2", LastName= "LName2", Attending = true, HotelRoomRequired= true, Notes="I'm the bride! :)"}

            };
            invitees.ForEach(i => context.Invitees.Add(i));
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

我在这个项目中的模型如下

namespace WeddingPreparations.Models
{
    public class Invitee
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public bool Attending { get; set; }
        public bool HotelRoomRequired { get; set; }
        public string Notes { get; set; }
     }
}

在mvc项目中我有以下web.config文件...

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
  For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit
  http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301880
  -->
<configuration>
  <configSections>

    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 --></configSections>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="WeddingContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=WeddingInvites;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
  </connectionStrings>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
  </appSettings>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
  </system.web>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.0.0.0" newVersion="5.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.5.2.14234" newVersion="1.5.2.14234" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Newtonsoft.Json" publicKeyToken="30ad4fe6b2a6aeed" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-6.0.0.0" newVersion="6.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="Ninject" publicKeyToken="c7192dc5380945e7" culture="neutral" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.2.0.0" newVersion="3.2.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>
  <system.webServer>
    <handlers>
      <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />
      <remove name="OPTIONSVerbHandler" />
      <remove name="TRACEVerbHandler" />
      <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="*" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
    </handlers>
  </system.webServer>
  <entityFramework>
    <contexts>
      <context type="WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingContext">
        <databaseInitializer type="WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingInitializer, KevinLisaWedding" />
      </context>
    </contexts>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" >
    <parameters>
      <parameter value="v11.0"/>
    </parameters>
    </defaultConnectionFactory>
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

在我的家庭控制器中，我正在执行以下代码......

WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingContext ctx = new WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingContext();
var x = ctx.Invitees.ToList();

如果我没有弄错的话，它应该创建数据库，并用初始化程序中指定的数据作为种子...但是我得到的只是该错误，我似乎无法弄清楚...任何方向都是赞赏。

更新

我尝试将项目重新创建为一个项目，就像他们在教程中所做的那样，但我仍然遇到相同的错误。肯定缺少一些代码......要么我错过了......或者教程只是没有它。

c# asp.net-mvc entity-framework entity-framework-6 entity-framework-migrations
2个回答
31
投票

在您的 

web.config
文件中，您有以下内容：

<contexts>
    <context type="WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingContext">
        <databaseInitializer type="WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingInitializer, KevinLisaWedding" />
    </context>
</contexts>

这表示在名为 

WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingInitializer
的程序集中查找名为 
KevinLisaWedding
的类。由于您的程序集名为 
WeddingPreparations
，因此您需要将配置更改为：

<contexts>
    <context type="WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingContext, WeddingPreparations">
        <databaseInitializer type="WeddingPreparations.Dal.WeddingInitializer, WeddingPreparations" />
    </context>
</contexts>
0
投票

我在相同的教程中遇到了同样的问题。 Initializer 类未添加到项目中。将其添加到项目文件中或在解决方案资源管理器中右键单击并单击“包含”

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