无法在 MacOS 中安装证书

Question

我正在使用 python 编写一个简单的服务，该服务使用 MIME 发送电子邮件。 它运行代码并给我这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/smtplib.py", line 360, in send
    self.sock.sendall(s)
OSError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/kiansahafi/PycharmProjects/test/Email/main_email.py", line 10, in <module>
    DatabaseRepositoryInstance.update_database_task()
  File "/Users/kiansahafi/PycharmProjects/test/Email/DatabaseRepository.py", line 22, in update_database_task
    sendEmailInstance.send_email(subject, body, to_email)
  File "/Users/kiansahafi/PycharmProjects/test/Email/send_email.py", line 63, in send_email
    server.quit()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/smtplib.py", line 999, in quit
    res = self.docmd("quit")
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/smtplib.py", line 426, in docmd
    self.putcmd(cmd, args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/smtplib.py", line 373, in putcmd
    self.send(str)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/smtplib.py", line 363, in send
    raise SMTPServerDisconnected('Server not connected')
smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: Server not connected
[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)

搜索后我发现这篇文章说我必须从 /Applications/Python 3.11/Install Certificates.command 在 python 中安装证书，当我尝试打开它时（即使使用 sudo 命令！）它给了我这个错误：

❯ /Applications/Python\ 3.11/Install\ Certificates.command ; exit;
 -- pip install --upgrade certifi
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages (2023.11.17)
 -- removing any existing file or link
 -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle
 -- setting permissions
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 44, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 40, in main
PermissionError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: 'cert.pem'

Saving session...completed.

[Process completed]

我也搜索了这个问题，发现这篇文章说我应该给终端（和Finder！）完全磁盘访问权限，我这样做了，但问题没有解决。

提前感谢您提供任何解决方案。

我的 macOS 版本是 14.0，我的机器是 m1 macbook pro，我的代码编辑器是 pycharm。

我尝试过升级 python 和 pip，但不确定这是否会起到任何作用...

Answer 1

问题出在解释器上，原来是3.9，改成3.11后问题解决了！