Android Webview 不传递标头丰富参数

Question

我正在尝试创建一个简单的 Android 应用程序，其中包含一个 webView，该应用程序加载并打开移动运营商列入白名单的 url，以允许标头丰富注入。我们对移动互联网进行了适当的测试，并且该过程在移动 Chrome 浏览器上顺利进行，但是，当在 Android 应用程序内的 webView 中使用时，注入不起作用。

它仍然是一个简单的 Android 应用程序，包含以下文件：

AndroidManifest.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.TestHe"
        tools:targetApi="31"
        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

activity_main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <!--<TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />-->

    <WebView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/webView"
        />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.kt：

package com.testHe.app

import android.graphics.Bitmap
import android.os.Build
import android.os.Bundle
import android.os.Handler
import android.os.Looper
import android.webkit.CookieManager
import android.webkit.WebChromeClient
import android.webkit.WebResourceRequest
import android.webkit.WebSettings.MIXED_CONTENT_ALWAYS_ALLOW
import android.webkit.WebView
import android.webkit.WebViewClient
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import java.io.BufferedReader
import java.io.InputStreamReader
import java.net.URL


class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        prepareWebView()
    }

    private fun prepareWebView() {
        val webView = findViewById<WebView>(R.id.webView)

        CookieManager.getInstance().setAcceptThirdPartyCookies(webView, true)

        webView.settings.apply {
            javaScriptEnabled = true
            javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = true
            allowFileAccess = true
            allowContentAccess = true
            allowFileAccessFromFileURLs = true
            allowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs = true
            mixedContentMode = MIXED_CONTENT_ALWAYS_ALLOW
            domStorageEnabled = true
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
                safeBrowsingEnabled = false
            }
        }

        webView.webChromeClient = object: WebChromeClient() {

        }

        webView.webViewClient = object: WebViewClient() {
            override fun onPageStarted(view: WebView?, url: String?, favicon: Bitmap?) {
                super.onPageStarted(view, url, favicon)
                    //Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, "page Loading: $url", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            }

            override fun onPageFinished(view: WebView?, url: String?) {
                super.onPageFinished(view, url)
            }

            override fun shouldOverrideUrlLoading(
                view: WebView?,
                request: WebResourceRequest?
            ): Boolean {
                if(request?.requestHeaders != null) {
                    request.requestHeaders.forEach { action ->
                        Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, "header, key: ${action.key}, value: ${action.value}", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                    }
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, "headers are null for url: ${request?.url?: ""}", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                }
                return super.shouldOverrideUrlLoading(view, request)
            }
        }

        /*lifecycleScope.launch {
            val htmlData = getHtmlData()
            webView.loadData(htmlData, "text/html", "utf-8");
        }*/

        //webView.loadData(htmlData, "text/html", "utf-8");

        webView.loadUrl(operatorUrl)
    }

    private suspend fun getHtmlData(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
        val google = URL(operatorUrl)
        val `in` = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(google.openStream()))
        var input: String?
        val stringBuffer = StringBuffer()
        while ((`in`.readLine().also { input = it }) != null) {
            stringBuffer.append(input)
        }
        `in`.close()

        return@withContext stringBuffer.toString()
    }
}

PS：operatorUrl 是实际网络运营商 url 的占位符。在代码中它是实际的 url。 我尝试了 webview 的 loadData 和 loadUrl 方法，但没有成功。

Answer 1

解决方案：重写WebView的User-Agent以匹配设备上的Chrome浏览器。

private fun prepareWebView() {
val webView = findViewById<WebView>(R.id.webView)

CookieManager.getInstance().setAcceptThirdPartyCookies(webView, true)

webView.settings.apply {
    javaScriptEnabled = true
    javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = true
    allowFileAccess = true
    allowContentAccess = true
    allowFileAccessFromFileURLs = true
    allowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs = true
    mixedContentMode = MIXED_CONTENT_ALWAYS_ALLOW
    domStorageEnabled = true
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
        safeBrowsingEnabled = false
    }
    // Set User-Agent to match Chrome
    userAgentString = System.getProperty("http.agent") 
    // Or you can use a specific Chrome User-Agent string
    // userAgentString = "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android ${Build.VERSION.RELEASE}; ${Build.MODEL}) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.77 Mobile Safari/537.36"
}

webView.webChromeClient = object : WebChromeClient() {}

webView.webViewClient = object : WebViewClient() {
    override fun shouldOverrideUrlLoading(
        view: WebView?,
        request: WebResourceRequest?
    ): Boolean {
        // Handle headers and URL loading here if necessary
        return super.shouldOverrideUrlLoading(view, request)
    }
}

webView.loadUrl(operatorUrl)
}