我有一个Qt 5应用程序，它依赖于protobuf 2.6。
升级到Ubuntu 17.10后，我无法运行它。
[libprotobuf FATAL google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc:61] This program requires version 3.0.0 of the Protocol Buffer runtime library, but the installed version is 2.6.1. Please update your library. If you compiled the program yourself, make sure that your headers are from the same version of Protocol Buffers as your link-time library. (Version verification failed in "/build/mir-y44crS/mir-0.28.0+17.10.20171011.1/ obj-x86_64-linux-gnu/src/protobuf/mir_protobuf.pb.cc".)
构建我的应用程序时，我正在链接静态版本的protobuf，libprotobuf.a，我猜这是错误消息中提到的2.6.1版本。
但是，默认情况下，安装了protobuf 3：
libmirprotobuf3/artful,now 0.28.0+17.10.20171011.1-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libprotobuf-dev/artful,now 3.0.0-9ubuntu5 amd64 [installed]
libprotobuf-lite10/artful,now 3.0.0-9ubuntu5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libprotobuf10/artful,now 3.0.0-9ubuntu5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
我看到错误中提到的mir_protobuf，并且安装了libmirprotobuf3包。
后面的跟踪显示正在找到并加载/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmirprotobuf.so.3。
#0 __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:51
#1 0x00007f56f74e5f5d in __GI_abort () at abort.c:90
#2 0x00007f56f7e8c095 in __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
#3 0x00007f56f7e89c86 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
#4 0x00007f56f7e89cd1 in std::terminate() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
#5 0x00007f56f7e89f14 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
#6 0x000055c570b362c7 in google::protobuf::internal::LogMessage::Finish (this=this@entry=0x7ffe60c10c90) at google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc:195
#7 0x000055c570b36658 in google::protobuf::internal::LogFinisher::operator= (other=..., this=<optimized out>) at google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc:203
#8 google::protobuf::internal::VerifyVersion (headerVersion=3000000, minLibraryVersion=<optimized out>, filename=0x7f56e740fb00 "/build/mir-y44crS/mir-0.28.0+17.10.20171011.1/obj-x86_64-linux-gnu/src/protobuf/mir_protobuf.pb.cc") at google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc:61
#9 0x00007f56e73dd2bb in mir::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_mir_5fprotobuf_2eproto() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmirprotobuf.so.3
#10 0x00007f56e73d0109 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmirprotobuf.so.3
#11 0x00007f56f9cd9a6a in call_init (l=<optimized out>, argc=argc@entry=1, argv=argv@entry=0x7ffe60c11c28, env=env@entry=0x7ffe60c11c38) at dl-init.c:72
#12 0x00007f56f9cd9b7b in call_init (env=0x7ffe60c11c38, argv=0x7ffe60c11c28, argc=1, l=<optimized out>) at dl-init.c:30
#13 _dl_init (main_map=main_map@entry=0x55c5724d2800, argc=1, argv=0x7ffe60c11c28, env=0x7ffe60c11c38) at dl-init.c:120
#14 0x00007f56f9cdeb86 in dl_open_worker (a=a@entry=0x7ffe60c11110) at dl-open.c:575
#15 0x00007f56f7605d64 in __GI__dl_catch_error (objname=objname@entry=0x7ffe60c11100, errstring=errstring@entry=0x7ffe60c11108, mallocedp=mallocedp@entry=0x7ffe60c110ff, operate=operate@entry=0x7f56f9cde7a0 <dl_open_worker>, args=args@entry=0x7ffe60c11110)
at dl-error-skeleton.c:198
#16 0x00007f56f9cde0d9 in _dl_open (file=0x55c572496638 "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/platformthemes/libqgtk3.so", mode=-2147479551, caller_dlopen=0x7f56f840571c, nsid=-2, argc=<optimized out>, argv=<optimized out>, env=0x7ffe60c11c38) at dl-open.c:660
#17 0x00007f56f5f29ff6 in dlopen_doit (a=a@entry=0x7ffe60c11320) at dlopen.c:66
#18 0x00007f56f7605d64 in __GI__dl_catch_error (objname=objname@entry=0x55c5724503d0, errstring=errstring@entry=0x55c5724503d8, mallocedp=mallocedp@entry=0x55c5724503c8, operate=operate@entry=0x7f56f5f29fa0 <dlopen_doit>, args=args@entry=0x7ffe60c11320)
at dl-error-skeleton.c:198
#19 0x00007f56f5f2a759 in _dlerror_run (operate=operate@entry=0x7f56f5f29fa0 <dlopen_doit>, args=args@entry=0x7ffe60c11320) at dlerror.c:163
#20 0x00007f56f5f2a092 in __dlopen (file=<optimized out>, mode=<optimized out>) at dlopen.c:87
#21 0x00007f56f840571c in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#22 0x00007f56f83feb45 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#23 0x00007f56f83ef068 in QFactoryLoader::instance(int) const () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#24 0x00007f56f89b4c23 in QPlatformThemeFactory::create(QString const&, QString const&) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#25 0x00007f56f89c2448 in QGuiApplicationPrivate::createPlatformIntegration() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#26 0x00007f56f89c2e3d in QGuiApplicationPrivate::createEventDispatcher() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#27 0x00007f56f8410b85 in QCoreApplicationPrivate::init() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#28 0x00007f56f89c48cf in QGuiApplicationPrivate::init() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#29 0x00007f56f9189289 in QApplicationPrivate::init() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Widgets.so.5
此刻，升级我的应用程序以使用protobuf 3是不可能的。
是否可以在Ubuntu 17.10上运行我的应用程序？
由于动态链接在Linux上的工作方式，只能将一个版本的protobuf库加载到任何进程中。因为您是静态链接libprotobuf，所以您的静态链接版本“胜过”可能位于依赖关系树中的任何其他版本。
看起来你也在链接libmirprotobuf3.so，这是一个包含Mir的protobuf定义的库。该库反过来指定对libprotobuf.so（或libprotobuf-lite.so，它看起来像）的依赖。我的静态链接副本完全覆盖了这种依赖性。
但是，libmirprotobuf3.so是针对protobuf 3.0.0构建的。它不能使用任何其他版本。由于你强迫它尝试使用protobuf 2.6.1，它失败了。
您唯一的两个选择是：
此刻，升级我的应用程序以使用protobuf 3是不可能的。
为什么不？ protobuf库的第3版向后兼容使用protobuf语言版本2编写的程序。新的proto3“功能”（或缺少功能）仅适用于您选择使用syntax = "proto3";;只要你不这样做，你就不需要做任何改变。您当然需要使用.pb.cc的第3版重新生成.pb.h和protoc文件，但希望您的makefile自动完成。