Pygame 索引表面不会显示

Question

我正在将这个古老的代码移植到Python 3。我已将各种调色板应用到表面，并且

plasma_buffer

矩阵发生了变化，但

pygame.display.flip()

一直显示黑屏。表面像素也会更新，那么我错过了什么？

"""Plasma.py -- Korruptor Jan 2001, test code for Seal Basher (v1.0)

This little doobry is based on the fast flame example by Pete Shinners
and is another novel neat hack on the surfarray module. 

The plasma algo itself is pretty simple, just a sum of four cosine values
from a pre-calculated look-up table inserted into a surf buff. It's all 
pretty easy really. The comments explain my thinking... 

This is my first hack, and not really optimised apart from what I've learnt
from Pete's example and whilst lurking on #Pygame. If you've got suggestions
for speed increases let me know..."""

from math import cos

from numpy import array, mod, zeros, uint8
from pygame import Surface, display
import pygame.transform
from pygame.surfarray import blit_array

# pylint: disable=no-name-in-module
from pygame.locals import KEYDOWN, MOUSEBUTTONDOWN, QUIT


RES = (320, 256)

SMALL_X = int(RES[0] // 8)
SMALL_Y = int(RES[1] // 8)

PI = 3.14159

# Linear array of cosine values to be indexed and summed, initialised to zero prior to pre-calc...
cos_tab = [0] * 256

# Array of indexes to be used on our cos_tab. Could be variables I suppose. Just easier to cut_n_paste! ;-)
pnt_tab = array((0, 0, 0, 0))


def main():
    "Inisalises display, precalculates the cosine values, and controls the update loop"
    display.init()
    # Turn SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB888 to SDL_PIXELFORMAT_INDEX8
    screen_surface: Surface = display.set_mode(RES, 0, 8).convert(8)
    info = display.Info()
    print(info)

    # Numeric array (working) for the display. Do all our fun stuff here...
    plasma_buffer: list = [[0] * SMALL_Y] * SMALL_X

    # Pygame Surface object which will take the surfarray data and be translated into a screen blit...
    plasma_surface = Surface((SMALL_X, SMALL_Y), 0, 8).convert(8)

    set_palette(screen_surface)
    plasma_surface.set_palette(screen_surface.get_palette())
    screen_surface.fill(100)

    make_cosine()

    # Fruity loops...
    while 1:

        for e in pygame.event.get():
            if e.type in (QUIT, KEYDOWN, MOUSEBUTTONDOWN):
                return

        add_cosine(plasma_buffer)
        # print(plasma_buffer[0])
        blit_scaled_surface(screen_surface, plasma_buffer, plasma_surface)
        pygame.display.flip()


def add_cosine(plasma_buffer):
    "An Y by X loop of screen co-ords, summing the values of four cosine values to produce a color value that'll map to the previously set surface palette."

    # Use working indices for the cosine table, save the real ones for later...
    t1 = pnt_tab[0]
    t2 = pnt_tab[1]
    for y in range(0, SMALL_Y):
        # Save the horizontal indices for later use...
        t3 = pnt_tab[2]
        t4 = pnt_tab[3]
        for x in range(0, SMALL_X):
            # Our color value will equal the sum of four cos_table offsets.
            # The preset surface palette comes in handy here! We just need to output the value...
            # We mod by 256 to prevent our index going out of range. (C would rely on 8bit byte ints and with no mod?)
            color = (
                cos_tab[mod(t1, 256)]
                + cos_tab[mod(t2, 256)]
                + cos_tab[mod(t3, 256)]
                + cos_tab[mod(t4, 256)]
            )

            # Arbitrary values, changing these will allow for zooming etc...
            t3 += 3
            t4 += 2

            # Insert the calculated color value into our working surfarray...
            plasma_buffer[x][y] = color

        # Arbitrary values again...
        t1 += 2
        t2 += 1

    # Arbitrary values to move along the cos_tab. Play around for something nice...
    # Don't think I need these boundary checkings, but just in case someone decides to run this code for a couple of weeks non-stop...
    #
    if pnt_tab[0] < 256:
        pnt_tab[0] += 1
    else:
        pnt_tab[0] = 1

    if pnt_tab[1] < 256:
        pnt_tab[1] += 2
    else:
        pnt_tab[1] = 2

    if pnt_tab[2] < 256:
        pnt_tab[2] += 3
    else:
        pnt_tab[2] = 3

    if pnt_tab[3] < 256:
        pnt_tab[3] += 4
    else:
        pnt_tab[3] = 4


def make_cosine():
    "Knock up a little pre-calculated cosine lookup table..."
    i = 0
    for i in range(0, 256):
        # Play with the values here for interesting results... I just made them up! :-)
        cos_tab[i] = 60 * (cos(i * PI / 32))


def set_palette(screen_surface):
    "Create something trippy... Based on Pete's cmap creator, and without doubt the thing that took the longest... Aaaargh! Decent palettes are hard to find..."
    colors = zeros((256, 3), uint8)

    i = 0
    for i in range(0, 64):
        colors[i][0] = 255
        colors[i][1] = i * 4
        colors[i][2] = 255 - (i * 4)

        colors[i + 64][0] = 255 - (i * 4)
        colors[i + 64][1] = 255
        colors[i + 64][2] = i * 4

        colors[i + 128][0] = 0
        colors[i + 128][1] = 255 - (i * 4)
        colors[i + 128][2] = 255

        colors[i + 192][0] = i * 4
        colors[i + 192][1] = 0
        colors[i + 192][2] = 255

    screen_surface.set_palette(colors)


def blit_scaled_surface(screen, flame, miniflame):
    "double the size of the data, and blit to screen -- Nicked from Shread's Fast Flame"
    f = array(flame, uint8)
    print(f[0])
    blit_array(miniflame, f)
    s2 = pygame.transform.scale(miniflame, screen.get_size())
    print(s2.get_at((0,0)))
    screen.blit(s2, (0, 0))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

小例子：

import pygame as pg
from pygame import QUIT, KEYDOWN, MOUSEBUTTONDOWN

RES = (320, 256)

pg.display.init()
# Turn SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB888 to SDL_PIXELFORMAT_INDEX8
screen_surface: pg.Surface = pg.display.set_mode(RES).convert(8)
info = pg.display.Info()
print(info)
PAL = [(251, 252, 253)] * 256
screen_surface.set_palette(PAL)
screen_surface.fill(220)
print(screen_surface.get_at((0, 0)))  # (251, 252, 253, 255)
pg.display.flip()  # Should work according to https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-make-a-pygame-window/

running: bool = True
while running:
    for e in pg.event.get():
        if e.type in (QUIT, KEYDOWN, MOUSEBUTTONDOWN):
            running = False

来自 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-make-a-pygame-window/ 的原始代码适用于 Windows 11 上的 pygame 2.5.2（SDL 2.28.3、Python 3.10.6） .

Answer 1

convert()

返回一个新表面，该表面不像

set_mode()

返回的表面那么特别。保留特别的那个：

# https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-make-a-pygame-window/
# import the pygame module
import pygame

# Define the background colour
# using RGB color coding.
background_colour = (234, 212, 252)

# Define the dimensions of
# screen object(width,height)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))
screen_indexed = screen.convert(8)

# Set the caption of the screen
pygame.display.set_caption("Geeksforgeeks")

# Fill the background colour to the screen
#screen.fill(background_colour)
PAL = [(251, 252, 253)] * 256
screen_indexed.set_palette(PAL)
screen_indexed.fill(220)

screen.blit(screen_indexed, (0,0))

# Update the display using flip
pygame.display.flip()

# Variable to keep our game loop running
running = True

# game loop
while running:

    # for loop through the event queue
    for event in pygame.event.get():

        # Check for QUIT event
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False