collect2.exe：错误：ld 在 git bash 中使用 g++ 并包含 <iostream>

Question

我最近重新安装了 Windows 11 并安装了：VS Code、MSYS 编译器包 MINGW64 和 git Bash。 以前我在 VS code 中使用 git bash 作为默认终端。但现在，每次我将 iostream 库添加到我的项目中时，使用 g++ 编译时都会收到此错误代码： * collect2.exe：错误：ld 返回 116 退出状态*

这个问题可能是什么原因造成的？

简单程序示例：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    cout << "test";
    return 0;
}

完整错误代码：

g++ -v test.cpp
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin\g++.exe
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32
Configured with: ../gcc-13.2.0/configure --prefix=/ucrt64 --with-local-prefix=/ucrt64/local --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --with-native-system-header-dir=/ucrt64/include --libexecdir=/ucrt64/lib --enable-bootstrap --enable-checking=release --with-arch=nocona --with-tune=generic --enable-languages=c,lto,c++,fortran,ada,objc,obj-c++,jit --enable-shared --enable-static --enable-libatomic --enable-threads=posix --enable-graphite --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-libstdcxx-filesystem-ts --enable-libstdcxx-time --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-lto --enable-libgomp --disable-libssp --disable-multilib --disable-rpath --disable-win32-registry --disable-nls --disable-werror --disable-symvers --with-libiconv --with-system-zlib --with-gmp=/ucrt64 --with-mpfr=/ucrt64 --with-mpc=/ucrt64 --with-isl=/ucrt64 --with-pkgversion='Rev6, Built by MSYS2 project' --with-bugurl=https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --disable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-plugin --with-boot-ldflags=-static-libstdc++ --with-stage1-ldflags=-static-libstdc++
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 13.2.0 (Rev6, Built by MSYS2 project)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=nocona' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/cc1plus.exe -quiet -v -iprefix C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/ -D_REENTRANT test.cpp -quiet -dumpdir a- -dumpbase test.cpp -dumpbase-ext .cpp -mtune=generic -march=nocona -version -o C:\Users\Jakub\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWT6Ahy.s
GNU C++17 (Rev6, Built by MSYS2 project) version 13.2.0 (x86_64-w64-mingw32)
        compiled by GNU C version 13.2.0, GMP version 6.3.0, MPFR version 4.2.1, MPC version 1.3.1, isl version isl-0.26-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/msys64/ucrt64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/msys64/ucrt64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/msys64/ucrt64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0/backward"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/msys64/ucrt64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "D:/a/msys64/ucrt64/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/ucrt64/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "C:/msys64/ucrt64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/msys64/ucrt64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "D:/a/msys64/ucrt64/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../include/c++/13.2.0/backward
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/include
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../include
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/include-fixed
End of search list.
Compiler executable checksum: db59fc1bcdba60d101895fadb0a9b197
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=nocona' '-dumpdir' 'a-'
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/as.exe -v -o C:\Users\Jakub\AppData\Local\Temp\cc4Iw457.o C:\Users\Jakub\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWT6Ahy.s
COMPILER_PATH=C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/;C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/;C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/;C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/;C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/;C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../lib/;C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/;C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=nocona' '-dumpdir' 'a.'
 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/collect2.exe -plugin C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/liblto_plugin.dll -plugin-opt=C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/lto-wrapper.exe -plugin-opt=-fresolution=C:\Users\Jakub\AppData\Local\Temp\ccEAWq3K.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmoldname -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmsvcrt -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lkernel32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lpthread -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-ladvapi32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lshell32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-luser32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lkernel32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingw32 -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmoldname -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmingwex -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lmsvcrt -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lkernel32 -m i386pep -Bdynamic C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../lib/crt2.o C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/crtbegin.o -LC:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0 -LC:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc -LC:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib -LC:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../lib -LC:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib -LC:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../.. C:\Users\Jakub\AppData\Local\Temp\cc4Iw457.o -lstdc++ -lmingw32 -lgcc_s -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -lkernel32 -lpthread -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lgcc_s -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -lkernel32 C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/../../../../lib/default-manifest.o C:/msys64/ucrt64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/13.2.0/crtend.o
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 116 exit statu

• 我已经尝试了两次完整的 Windows 重新安装
• 更改系统变量路径

Answer 1

我有完全相同的问题，仍在寻找解决方案。我最近重新安装了 Windows 10、MinGW 和 Git。当我使用包含 iostream 的 g++ 时，出现您提到的问题。我以为我是唯一面临这个问题的人，但现在我发现这不是个案。