如何使用给定格式编写模式

Question

我必须根据给定框架的XML代码编写模式。例如：

• 艺术家或组：字符串值;需要
• 组成员：字符串值，这可以发生一次，不止一次或根本不发生
• 类型：字符串值，每个艺术家或组必须至少出现一次;需要

我试过写一个架构，但我感到迷茫......

XML文件代码：

<Albums>
<artist personorgroup="person" groupmembernames="N/A" artistorgroupcountry="United States"
    careerBegin="2015" careerend="N/A" artistName="Cardi B" genre="Rap">
    <album albumCategory="Grammy Nominee" albumName="Invasion of Privacy" sku="K315SPR19A"
        type="album">
        <Comment> Absolute trash, it's a travesty this won a Grammy </Comment>

        <Rating> 13/13 </Rating>

        <albumArt> Cardi B.jpg <!-- Found from albumartexchange.com -->
        </albumArt>
        <releases>
            <release release="Invasion of Privacy (clean lyrics)" releasedate="2018-04-05"
                recordlabel="Atlantic (Warner Music imprint), KSR Group"
                recordlabelcatalognumber="N/A" barcodenumber="075679873675" country="US"
                format="Digital Media"> </release>
            <release release="Invasion of Privacy (explicit)"
                releasedate="2018-04-05 / 2018-04-06 / 2018-04-06"
                recordlabel="Atlantic (Warner Music imprint), KSR Group"
                recordlabelcatalognumber="N/A" barcodenumber="075679873682"
                country="XW
                        CA
                        US"
                format="Digital Media"> </release>
        </releases>
        <Songs>
            <song songposition="1" songlength="3:51"
                songcomposersandwriters="Sean Allen / Belcalis Almanzar / Maurice Jordan / Jermaine Preyan / James SwanQo / Anthony Tucker / Robert Williams"
                songName="Get Up 10" sku="K315SPR19A001" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="2" songlength="4:23"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Kirsnick Ball / Kiari Cephus / Joshua Cross / Quavious Marshall"
                songName="Drip (feat. Migos)" sku="K315SPR19A002" albumref="K315SPR19A"
                type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="3" songlength="3:01"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / James Foye III / Philip Coleman, Jr. / Austin Owens / Jordan Thorpe"
                songName="Bickenhead" sku="K315SPR19A003" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="4" songlength="3:43"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Laquan Green / J. White Did It / Dieuson Octave / Klenord Raphael / Jordan Thorpe / Jermaine White"
                songName="Bodak Yellow" sku="K315SPR19A004" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="5" songlength="3:30"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Alan Bergman / Marilyn Bergman / Dennis Coles / Robert Diggs / Adam Feeney / Gary Grice / Marvin Hamlisch / Lamont Hawkins / Anderson Hernandez / Lauryn Hill / Jason Hunter / Russell Jones / Matthew Samuels / Clifford Smith / Jordan Thorpe / U-God / Corey Woods"
                songName="Be Careful" sku="K315SPR19A005" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="6" songlength="4:44"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Chancelor Bennett / Allen Ritter / Matthew Samuels"
                songName="Best Life" sku="K315SPR19A006" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="7" songlength="4:13"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / José Álvaro Osorio Balvin / Benito Antonio Martinez Ocasio / Tony Pabon / Manny Rodriguez"
                songName="I Like It" sku="K315SPR19A007" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="8" songlength="2:57"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Khari Cain / Nija Charles / Kehlani Parrish / Mike Riley"
                songName="Ring" sku="K315SPR19A008" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="9" songlength="3:49"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Jordan Thorpe / Jermaine White"
                songName="Money Bag" sku="K315SPR19A009" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="10" songlength="3:44"
                songcomposersandwriters="Shayaa Bin Abraham-Joseph / Belcalis Almanzar / Samuel Gloade / Darryl McCorkell"
                songName="Bartier Cardi (feat. 21 Savage)" sku="K315SPR19A010"
                albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="11" songlength="3:50"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Keenon Jackson / Leslie Andre Wakefield Jr. / Dijon McFarlane"
                songName="She Bad" sku="K315SPR19A011" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="12" songlength="3:08"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Benjamin Levin / Alexandra Tamposi / Justin Tranter / Andrew Wotman"
                songName="Thru Your Phone" sku="K315SPR19A012" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="13" songlength="3:20"
                songcomposersandwriters="Belcalis Almanzar / Nija Charles / Kevin Gomringer / Tim Gomringer / Shane Lindstrom / Solana Rowe"
                songName="I Do" sku="K315SPR19A013" albumref="K315SPR19A" type="song"> </song>
        </Songs>
        <producersMixersSongwritersEngineers>
            <engineersMixers> Leslie Brathwaite &amp; Evan LaRay </engineersMixers>
            <songwriters> Belcalis Almanzar &amp; Jorden Thorpe </songwriters>
            <masteringEngineer> Colin Leonard </masteringEngineer>
        </producersMixersSongwritersEngineers>
    </album>
</artist>

<artist personorgroup="person" groupmembernames="N/A" artistorgroupcountry="United States"
    careerBegin="2004" careerend="N/A" artistName="Brandi Carlile" genre="Pop/Rock">

    <album albumCategory="Grammy_Nominee" albumName="By The Way, I Forgive You" sku="K315SPR19B"
        type="album">
        <Comment> Haven't listened, not my taste </Comment>

        <Rating> 11/13 </Rating>

        <albumArt> Brandi Carlile.jpg <!-- Found from albumartexchange.com -->
        </albumArt>

        <releases>
            <release release="By the Way, I Forgive You" releasedate="2018-02-16"
                recordlabel="Elektra (1950–1989, revived 2009–06-01; read annotations before use), Low Country Sound"
                recordlabelcatalognumber="565226-2" barcodenumber="075678659188" country="US"
                format="CD"> </release>
            <release release="By the Way, I Forgive You (mastered for iTunes)"
                releasedate="2018-02-16"
                recordlabel="Elektra (1950–1989, revived 2009–06-01; read annotations before use)"
                recordlabelcatalognumber="N/A" barcodenumber="075679885449" country="US"
                format="Digital Media"> </release>
        </releases>
        <Songs>
            <song songposition="1" songlength="4:01"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="Everytime I Hear That Song" sku="K315SPR19B001" albumref="K315SPR19B"
                type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="2" songlength="4:39"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Dave Cobb / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="The Joke" sku="K315SPR19B002" albumref="K315SPR19B" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="3" songlength="4:22"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="Hold Out Your Hand" sku="K315SPR19B003" albumref="K315SPR19B"
                type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="4" songlength="3:16"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="The Mother" sku="K315SPR19B004" albumref="K315SPR19B" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="5" songlength="4:07"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="Whatever You Do" sku="K315SPR19B005" albumref="K315SPR19B" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="6" songlength="4:43"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="Fulton County Jane Doe" sku="K315SPR19B006" albumref="K315SPR19B"
                type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="7" songlength="4:28"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="Sugartooth" sku="K315SPR19B007" albumref="K315SPR19B" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="8" songlength="3:51"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="Most of All" sku="K315SPR19B008" albumref="K315SPR19B" type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="9" songlength="4:06"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="Harder to Forgive" sku="K315SPR19B009" albumref="K315SPR19B"
                type="song"> </song>
            <song songposition="10" songlength="5:47"
                songcomposersandwriters="Brandi Carlile / Phil Hanseroth / Tim Hanseroth"
                songName="Party of One" sku="K315SPR19B10" albumref="K315SPR19B" type="song"
             > </song>
            </Songs>
            <producersMixersSongwritersEngineers>
            <producers> Dave Cobb &amp; Shooter Jennings </producers>
            <engineersMixers> Dave Cobb &amp; Eddie Spear 
</engineersMixers>
            <songwriters> Brandi Carlile, Phil Hanseroth &amp; Tim 
Hanseroth </songwriters>
                <masteringEngineer> Pete Lyman </masteringEngineer>
           </producersMixersSongwritersEngineers>
       </album>
    </artist>

架构代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="personorgroup" type="xs:string"> </xs:element>
<xs:element name="groupmembernames" type="xs:string"> </xs:element>
<xs:element name="artistorgroupcountry" type="xs:string"> 
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="careerBegin" type="xs:string"> </xs:element>
<xs:element name="careerend" type="xs:string"> </xs:element>
<xs:element name="artistName" type="xs:string"> </xs:element>
<xs:element name="genre" type="xs:string"> </xs:element>
<xs:element name="artist">
    <xs:complexType>
           <xs:sequence>
               <xs:element ref="artist"> 

               </xs:element>
            </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
</xs:element>

Answer 1

对于您的XML示例，以下架构将对其进行描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xs:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:element name="Albums">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="artist">
          <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
              <xs:element name="album">
                <xs:complexType>
                  <xs:sequence>
                    <xs:element name="Comment" type="xs:string" />
                    <xs:element name="Rating" type="xs:string" />
                    <xs:element name="albumArt" type="xs:string" />
                    <xs:element name="releases">
                      <xs:complexType>
                        <xs:sequence>
                          <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="release">
                            <xs:complexType>
                              <xs:simpleContent>
                                <xs:extension base="xs:string">
                                  <xs:attribute name="release" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="releasedate" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="recordlabel" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="recordlabelcatalognumber" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="barcodenumber" type="xs:unsignedLong" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="country" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="format" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                </xs:extension>
                              </xs:simpleContent>
                            </xs:complexType>
                          </xs:element>
                        </xs:sequence>
                      </xs:complexType>
                    </xs:element>
                    <xs:element name="Songs">
                      <xs:complexType>
                        <xs:sequence>
                          <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="song">
                            <xs:complexType>
                              <xs:simpleContent>
                                <xs:extension base="xs:string">
                                  <xs:attribute name="songposition" type="xs:unsignedByte" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="songlength" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="songcomposersandwriters" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="songName" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="sku" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="albumref" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                  <xs:attribute name="type" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                                </xs:extension>
                              </xs:simpleContent>
                            </xs:complexType>
                          </xs:element>
                        </xs:sequence>
                      </xs:complexType>
                    </xs:element>
                    <xs:element name="producersMixersSongwritersEngineers">
                      <xs:complexType>
                        <xs:sequence>
                          <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="producers" type="xs:string" />
                          <xs:element name="engineersMixers" type="xs:string" />
                          <xs:element name="songwriters" type="xs:string" />
                          <xs:element name="masteringEngineer" type="xs:string" />
                        </xs:sequence>
                      </xs:complexType>
                    </xs:element>
                  </xs:sequence>
                  <xs:attribute name="albumCategory" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                  <xs:attribute name="albumName" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                  <xs:attribute name="sku" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                  <xs:attribute name="type" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                </xs:complexType>
              </xs:element>
            </xs:sequence>
            <xs:attribute name="personorgroup" type="xs:string" use="required" />
            <xs:attribute name="groupmembernames" type="xs:string" use="required" />
            <xs:attribute name="artistorgroupcountry" type="xs:string" use="required" />
            <xs:attribute name="careerBegin" type="xs:unsignedShort" use="required" />
            <xs:attribute name="careerend" type="xs:string" use="required" />
            <xs:attribute name="artistName" type="xs:string" use="required" />
            <xs:attribute name="genre" type="xs:string" use="required" />
          </xs:complexType>
        </xs:element>
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
</xs:schema>

但是，这与艺术家或团体以及团体成员的要求不符

为此您需要更多类似于下面的内容，您可以在其中拥有艺术家或组的记录，并且在组中您有一个可以多次出现的memberName元素。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:b="http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:element name="Albums">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
          <xs:element name="artist">
            <xs:complexType>
              <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element name="album" type="AlbumType" />
              </xs:sequence>
              <xs:attribute name="artistName" type="xs:string" use="required" />
              <xs:attribute name="artistcountry" type="xs:string" use="required" />
              <xs:attribute name="careerBegin" type="xs:unsignedShort" use="required" />
              <xs:attribute name="careerend" type="xs:string" use="required" />
              <xs:attribute name="genre" type="xs:string" use="required" />
            </xs:complexType>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="group">
            <xs:complexType>
              <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="memberName" type="xs:string" />
                <xs:element name="album" type="AlbumType" />
              </xs:sequence>
              <xs:attribute name="artistName" type="xs:string" use="required" />
              <xs:attribute name="groupBegin" type="xs:unsignedShort" use="required" />
              <xs:attribute name="groupEnd" type="xs:string" use="required" />
              <xs:attribute name="genre" type="xs:string" use="required" />
              <xs:attribute name="groupcountry" type="xs:string" use="required" />
            </xs:complexType>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:choice>
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:complexType name="AlbumType">
    <xs:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
      <xs:element name="Comment" type="xs:string" />
      <xs:element name="Rating" type="xs:string" />
      <xs:element name="albumArt" type="xs:string" />
      <xs:element name="releases">
        <xs:complexType>
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="release">
              <xs:complexType>
                <xs:simpleContent>
                  <xs:extension base="xs:string">
                    <xs:attribute name="release" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="releasedate" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="recordlabel" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="recordlabelcatalognumber" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="barcodenumber" type="xs:unsignedLong" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="country" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="format" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                  </xs:extension>
                </xs:simpleContent>
              </xs:complexType>
            </xs:element>
          </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
      </xs:element>
      <xs:element name="Songs">
        <xs:complexType>
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="song">
              <xs:complexType>
                <xs:simpleContent>
                  <xs:extension base="xs:string">
                    <xs:attribute name="songposition" type="xs:unsignedByte" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="songlength" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="songcomposersandwriters" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="songName" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="sku" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="albumref" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                    <xs:attribute name="type" type="xs:string" use="required" />
                  </xs:extension>
                </xs:simpleContent>
              </xs:complexType>
            </xs:element>
          </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
      </xs:element>
      <xs:element name="producersMixersSongwritersEngineers">
        <xs:complexType>
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="producers" type="xs:string" />
            <xs:element name="engineersMixers" type="xs:string" />
            <xs:element name="songwriters" type="xs:string" />
            <xs:element name="masteringEngineer" type="xs:string" />
          </xs:sequence>
        </xs:complexType>
      </xs:element>
    </xs:sequence>
    <xs:attribute name="albumCategory" type="xs:string" use="required" />
    <xs:attribute name="albumName" type="xs:string" use="required" />
    <xs:attribute name="sku" type="xs:string" use="required" />
    <xs:attribute name="type" type="xs:string" use="required" />
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>