java.lang.ClassCastException：类 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet 无法转换为类 jakarta.servlet.Servlet

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

我已经看到了与我类似的问题的答案，但我已经尝试了一切，错误并没有消失。据我所知，api servlet 类是由两个不同的类加载器加载的，因为 Web 部署程序集中有多个源。我尝试使用 servlet-api-3.0-alpha-1.jar 删除它，但是如果我从 WEB-INF\lib 文件夹中删除相同的包，则会出现更多错误。 还要补充一点，它是导入到 eclipse 中的 spring 项目，我创建了一个 web 动态项目，然后将其转换为 maven 项目。 由于通过调试，我发现嵌入式服务器没有为我运行更新的jsp页面，因此我将项目更改为mvc，以便在eclipse中拥有正常的服务器。 服务器是tomcat 10，我无法弄清楚它从maven加载哪些包以及从lib文件夹加载哪些包。

如果我从 lib servlet-api-3.0-alpha-1.jar 中删除，则会出现错误： 无法解析类型 javax.servlet.ServletContext。它是从所需的 .class 文件 MyInitializer.java

间接引用的

如果我从 lib jakarta.el-5.0-M1.jar 中删除，则会出现错误： 在解决构建路径错误之前无法构建项目

项目“Parlamento”缺少必需的库：“C:\Users\segreteria\Desktop\WORKSPACE 4\Parlamento\src\main\webapp\WEB-INF\lib\jakarta.el-5.0.0-M1.jar”

如果我将tomcat从10降级到9，我还必须更改spring版本，因为tomcat 9不支持版本5，然后我必须更改所有jar包。

如果我使用tomcat 9.0.62，那么我必须使用spring 4，所以我必须使用applicationContext.xml，它会抛出其他错误，这些错误在更高版本的tomcat中已修复，这让我再次更新spring包。

堆栈跟踪：

SEVERE: Allocate exception for servlet [Parlamento]
java.lang.ClassCastException: class org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet 
cannot be cast to class jakarta.servlet.Servlet 
(org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet is in unnamed module of loader 
org.apache.catalina.loader.ParallelWebappClassLoader @1601e47; 
jakarta.servlet.Servlet is in unnamed module of loader java.net.URLClassLoader 
 @6bdf28bb)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1071)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.allocate(StandardWrapper.java:789)
at 
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:128)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97)
at 
org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(
AuthenticatorBase.java:542)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
at 
org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke
(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:690)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:356)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process
(AbstractProtocol.java:867)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun
(NioEndpoint.java:1762)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker
(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run
(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

web deployment assembly

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.7.5</version>
   <relativePath></relativePath>
</parent>
<groupId>com.giuggiola</groupId>
<artifactId>Parlamento</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
<name>Parlamento</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
    <java.version>18</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>


<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-annotations-api</artifactId>
<!--   <version>10.0.23</version>-->
</dependency>


<dependency>
<groupId>jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
 <artifactId>jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl-api</artifactId>
<!--  <version>2.0.0</version> -->
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <!--    <version>1.2</version> -->
         <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
   

<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>6.1.5.Final</version>
<type>pom</type>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<!--   <version>6.0.0</version> -->
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

 <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
 
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
 <!--     <version>4.13.2</version>-->
<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
 <!-- <version>5.3.23</version> -->
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId> 
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>jakarta.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>jakarta.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>jakarta.el</groupId>
    <artifactId>jakarta.el-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>jakarta.websocket</groupId>
    <artifactId>jakarta.websocket-api</artifactId>
 <!--  <version>2.0.0</version>  -->  
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>jakarta.security.enterprise</groupId>
    <artifactId>jakarta.security.enterprise-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>


<dependency>
<groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<!--    <version>42.5.0</version> --> 
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
 <!--  <version>2.7.3</version>-->
<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
<!--  <version>2.7.4</version>-->
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
<!-- <version>2.7.4</version>-->
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.vladmihalcea</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-types-55</artifactId>
        <version>2.14.0</version>
    </dependency>

 </dependencies>

 <build>
 <finalName>Parlamento</finalName>


    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
        
        
        <!-- plugin che ho aggiunto io-->
        <plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<!--  <version>3.2.0</version> -->
<!--  <scope>provided</scope> -->
</plugin>    
    </plugins>

    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>

</build>
</project>

lib lib

堆栈跟踪：

dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Server version name:   Apache Tomcat/9.0.69
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Server built:          Nov 9 2022 18:43:47 UTC
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Server version number: 9.0.69.0
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: OS Name:               Windows 8
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: OS Version:            6.2
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Architecture:          amd64
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Java Home:             C:\Program Files\Java\jdk- 
17.0.5_windows-x64_bin\jdk-17.0.5
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: JVM Version:           17.0.5+9-LTS-191
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: CATALINA_BASE:         
C:\Users\segreteria\Desktop\WORKSPACE 
4\.metadata\.plugins\org.eclipse.wst.server.core\tmp1
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: CATALINA_HOME:         C:\Program Files\Apache Software 
Foundation\Tomcat 9.0_Tomcat9.0.69
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: - 
XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: - 
agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,suspend=y,address=
localhost:65348
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: - 
javaagent:C:\Users\segreteria\eclipse\jee-2022- 
06\eclipse\configuration\org.eclipse.osgi\407\0\.cp\lib\
javaagent-shaded.jar
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: - 
Dcatalina.base=C:\Users\segreteria\Desktop\WORKSPACE 
4\.metadata\.plugins\org.eclipse.wst.server.core\tmp1
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=C:\Program 
Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 9.0_Tomcat9.0.69
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -  
.deploy=C:\Users\segreteria\Desktop\WORKSPACE 
4\.metadata\.plugins\org.eclipse.wst.server.core\tmp1\wtpwebapps
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL- 
UNNAMED
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL- 
UNNAMED
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL- 
UNNAMED
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: --add- 
opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: --add- 
opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
dic 06, 2022 6:13:12 PM 
org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
dic 06, 2022 6:13:13 PM 
org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener lifecycleEvent
INFO: The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows using OpenSSL 
was not found on the java.library.path: [C:\Program 
Files\Java\jdk-17.0.5_windows-x64_bin\jdk- 
17.0.5\bin;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:
Windows;C:\Program Files\Common 
Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common 
Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;
C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\
WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Maven\apache-maven-3.8.6- 
bin\bin;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-17.0.5_windows-x64_bin\jdk- 
17.0.5\bin;;C:\Users\segreteria\AppData\Local\Programs\Microsoft 
VS Code\bin;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-17.0.5_windows-x64_bin\jdk- 
17.0.5\bin;.]
dic 06, 2022 6:13:14 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8088"]
dic 06, 2022 6:13:15 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Server initialization in [5346] milliseconds
dic 06, 2022 6:13:15 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService 
startInternal
INFO: Starting service [Catalina]
dic 06, 2022 6:13:15 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine 
startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.69]
dic 06, 2022 6:13:18 PM org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner 
scanJars
INFO: At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no 
TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of 
JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping 
unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP 
compilation time.
dic 06, 2022 6:13:18 PM 
org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase 
createSecureRandom
WARNING: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID 
generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [122] milliseconds.
dic 06, 2022 6:13:26 PM org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner 
scanJars
INFO: At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no 
TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of 
JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping 
unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP 
compilation time.
spring eclipse maven jar
1个回答
1
投票

Spring 5 不支持 Tomcat 10，但它在 Tomcat 9 上运行得很好。

事实上，我只是通过使用稍微修复的 POM 创建一个简单的项目并在 Tomcat 9.0.69 上运行它来测试它。

这是 POM：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.6</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <name>tomcat-demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-annotations-api</artifactId>
            <!--   <version>10.0.23</version>-->
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
            <!--  <version>2.0.0</version> -->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <!--    <version>1.2</version> -->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate.orm</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>6.1.5.Final</version>
            <type>pom</type>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <!--   <version>6.0.0</version> -->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <!--     <version>4.13.2</version>-->
            <scope>provided</scope>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <!-- <version>5.3.23</version> -->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>el-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.websocket</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.websocket-api</artifactId>
            <!--  <version>2.0.0</version>  -->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.security.enterprise</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.security.enterprise-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <!--    <version>42.5.0</version> -->
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <!--  <version>2.7.3</version>-->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
            <!--  <version>2.7.4</version>-->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
            <!-- <version>2.7.4</version>-->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.vladmihalcea</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-types-55</artifactId>
            <version>2.14.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <!--  <version>3.2.0</version> -->
                <!--  <scope>provided</scope> -->
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

</project>

还有一点需要注意的是，你的项目中必须有

SpringBootServletInitializer
的实现来初始化Tomcat所需的Servlet上下文。 您可以使您的 
@SpringBootApplication
（或任何 
@Configuration
）扩展 
SpringBootServletInitializer
或将其作为一个单独的类：

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(YourSpringBootApplication.class);
    }
}
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