顶部 0 度的顺时针极坐标图

Question

如何制作顺时针极坐标图？有人问类似的问题这里：如何使 matplotlib 极坐标图中的角度顺时针旋转，顶部 0°？，但我不明白这一点：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, polar=True)
ax.grid(True)

theta = np.arange(0,370,10)
theta = [i*np.pi/180.0 for i in theta]  # convert to radians

x = [3.00001,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,2.5,2,2,2,2,2,1.5,1.5,1,1.5,2,2,2.5,2.5,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3]
ax.plot(theta, x)
plt.show()

编辑：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes, register_projection
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D, Bbox, IdentityTransform

class NorthPolarAxes(PolarAxes):
    '''
    A variant of PolarAxes where theta starts pointing north and goes
    clockwise.
    '''
    name = 'northpolar'

    class NorthPolarTransform(PolarAxes.PolarTransform):
        def transform(self, tr):
            xy   = np.zeros(tr.shape, np.float_)
            t    = tr[:, 0:1]
            r    = tr[:, 1:2]
            x    = xy[:, 0:1]
            y    = xy[:, 1:2]
            x[:] = r * np.sin(t)
            y[:] = r * np.cos(t)
            return xy

        transform_non_affine = transform

        def inverted(self):
            return NorthPolarAxes.InvertedNorthPolarTransform()

    class InvertedNorthPolarTransform(PolarAxes.InvertedPolarTransform):
        def transform(self, xy):
            x = xy[:, 0:1]
            y = xy[:, 1:]
            r = np.sqrt(x*x + y*y)

fig = plt.figure()
register_projection(NorthPolarAxes)
ax=plt.subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='northpolar')    
theta=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,37)
x = [3.00001,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,2.5,2,2,2,2,
     2,1.5,1.5,1,1.5,2,2,2.5,2.5,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3]
ax.plot(theta, x)
plt.show()

如何正确使用

register_projection(NorthPolarAxes)

？

Answer 1

添加这些行：

ax.set_theta_direction(-1)
ax.set_theta_offset(pi/2.0)

Answer 2

ax.set_theta_direction(-1)
ax.set_theta_zero_location('N')

稍微更容易理解一点。

Answer 3

编辑：请注意，Pavel 提供了更好的解决方案！

---

您链接到的SO问题包含答案。这是 ptomato 的

NorthPolarAxes

类 的稍微修改版本，其中

theta=0

指向东方并顺时针递增：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.projections as projections
import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms

class EastPolarAxes(projections.PolarAxes):
    '''
    A variant of PolarAxes where theta starts pointing East and goes
    clockwise.
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2417794/2433287#2433287
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7664153/7664545#7664545    
    '''
    name = 'eastpolar'

    class EastPolarTransform(projections.PolarAxes.PolarTransform):
        """
        The base polar transform.  This handles projection *theta* and
        *r* into Cartesian coordinate space *x* and *y*, but does not
        perform the ultimate affine transformation into the correct
        position.
        """        
        def transform(self, tr):
            xy   = np.zeros(tr.shape, np.float_)
            t    = tr[:, 0:1]
            r    = tr[:, 1:2]
            x    = xy[:, 0:1]
            y    = xy[:, 1:2]
            x[:] = r * np.cos(-t)
            y[:] = r * np.sin(-t)
            return xy

        transform_non_affine = transform

        def inverted(self):
            return EastPolarAxes.InvertedEastPolarTransform()

    class InvertedEastPolarTransform(projections.PolarAxes.InvertedPolarTransform):
        """
        The inverse of the polar transform, mapping Cartesian
        coordinate space *x* and *y* back to *theta* and *r*.
        """        
        def transform(self, xy):
            x = xy[:, 0:1]
            y = xy[:, 1:]
            r = np.sqrt(x*x + y*y)
            theta = npy.arccos(x / r)
            theta = npy.where(y > 0, 2 * npy.pi - theta, theta)
            return np.concatenate((theta, r), 1)

        def inverted(self):
            return EastPolarAxes.EastPolarTransform()

    def _set_lim_and_transforms(self):
        projections.PolarAxes._set_lim_and_transforms(self)
        self.transProjection = self.EastPolarTransform()
        self.transData = (
            self.transScale + 
            self.transProjection + 
            (self.transProjectionAffine + self.transAxes))
        self._xaxis_transform = (
            self.transProjection +
            self.PolarAffine(mtransforms.IdentityTransform(), mtransforms.Bbox.unit()) +
            self.transAxes)
        self._xaxis_text1_transform = (
            self._theta_label1_position +
            self._xaxis_transform)
        self._yaxis_transform = (
            mtransforms.Affine2D().scale(np.pi * 2.0, 1.0) +
            self.transData)
        self._yaxis_text1_transform = (
            self._r_label1_position +
            mtransforms.Affine2D().scale(1.0 / 360.0, 1.0) +
            self._yaxis_transform)

def eastpolar_axes():
    projections.register_projection(EastPolarAxes)
    ax=plt.subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='eastpolar')    
    theta=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,37)
    x = [3.00001,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,2.5,2,2,2,2,
         2,1.5,1.5,1,1.5,2,2,2.5,2.5,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3]
    ax.plot(theta, x)
    plt.show()

eastpolar_axes()

---

添加了来自

matplotlib/projections/polar.py

的

PolarTransform

和

InvertedPolarTransform

的文档字符串，因为我认为它们有助于解释每个组件的作用。这会指导您更改公式。

要获得顺时针方向的行为，您只需更改

t

-->

-t

:

        x[:] = r * np.cos(-t)
        y[:] = r * np.sin(-t)

并且在

InvertedEastPolarTransform

中，我们希望使用

2 * npy.pi - theta

当

y > 0

（上半平面）时而不是当

y < 0

时。

Answer 4

简短回答

使用以下代码创建子图：

kw = dict(projection = 'polar',     # <-- polar projection
          theta_offset = np.pi/2,   # <-- rotate theta
          theta_direction = -1)     # <-- theta clockwise

_, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=kw)

---

详情

使用

projection = 'polar'

时，创建的子图使用类 matplotlib.projections.polar.PolarAxes 的投影，该类接受参数

theta_offset

和

theta_direction

。

或者，您可以创建不带参数的极坐标子图，然后调用 ax.set_theta_zero_location` 和 ax.set_theta_direction 来偏移 theta 轴并更改其方向。

您可以查看其他方法，例如set_thetalim

示例：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Theta
theta_deg = np.linspace(0, 360, num=145)
theta_rad = np.radians(theta_deg)

# Rho
rho = abs(np.cos(theta_rad))

# Create polar subplot
kw = dict(projection = 'polar',
          theta_offset = np.pi/2,
          theta_direction = -1)
_, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=kw)

# Plot rho against theta
plt.plot(theta_rad, rho)

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