示例：使用AsyncTask的Android双向网络套接字

问题描述 投票：37回答：3

我在Android上找到的大多数网络套接字示例都是单向的。我需要一个双向数据流的解决方案。我最终了解到了AsyncTask。此示例显示如何从套接字获取数据并将数据发送回它。由于正在接收数据的套接字的阻塞性质，阻塞需要在UI线程以外的线程中运行。

为了举例，此代码连接到Web服务器。按“Start AsyncTask”按钮将打开套接字。套接字打开后，Web服务器将等待请求。按“发送消息”按钮将向服务器发送请求。服务器的任何响应都将显示在TextView中。对于http，一旦发送了所有数据，Web服务器将断开与客户端的连接。对于其他TCP数据流，连接将一直保持到一侧断开连接。

截图：

AndroidManifest.xml中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.exampleasynctask"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

水库\布局\ main.xml中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
<Button android:id="@+id/btnStart" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Start AsyncTask"></Button>
<Button android:id="@+id/btnSend" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Send Message"></Button>
<TextView android:id="@+id/textStatus" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Status Goes Here" />
</LinearLayout>

SRC \ com.exampleasynctask \ MainActivity.java：

package com.exampleasynctask;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    Button btnStart, btnSend;
    TextView textStatus;
    NetworkTask networktask;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
        btnSend = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnSend);
        textStatus = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStatus);
        btnStart.setOnClickListener(btnStartListener);
        btnSend.setOnClickListener(btnSendListener);
        networktask = new NetworkTask(); //Create initial instance so SendDataToNetwork doesn't throw an error.
    }

    private OnClickListener btnStartListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v){
            btnStart.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
            networktask = new NetworkTask(); //New instance of NetworkTask
            networktask.execute();
        }
    };
    private OnClickListener btnSendListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v){
            textStatus.setText("Sending Message to AsyncTask.");
            networktask.SendDataToNetwork("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n");
        }
    };

    public class NetworkTask extends AsyncTask<Void, byte[], Boolean> {
        Socket nsocket; //Network Socket
        InputStream nis; //Network Input Stream
        OutputStream nos; //Network Output Stream

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPreExecute");
        }

        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) { //This runs on a different thread
            boolean result = false;
            try {
                Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Creating socket");
                SocketAddress sockaddr = new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80);
                nsocket = new Socket();
                nsocket.connect(sockaddr, 5000); //10 second connection timeout
                if (nsocket.isConnected()) { 
                    nis = nsocket.getInputStream();
                    nos = nsocket.getOutputStream();
                    Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Socket created, streams assigned");
                    Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Waiting for inital data...");
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
                    int read = nis.read(buffer, 0, 4096); //This is blocking
                    while(read != -1){
                        byte[] tempdata = new byte[read];
                        System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, tempdata, 0, read);
                        publishProgress(tempdata);
                        Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Got some data");
                        read = nis.read(buffer, 0, 4096); //This is blocking
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: IOException");
                result = true;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Exception");
                result = true;
            } finally {
                try {
                    nis.close();
                    nos.close();
                    nsocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Finished");
            }
            return result;
        }

        public void SendDataToNetwork(String cmd) { //You run this from the main thread.
            try {
                if (nsocket.isConnected()) {
                    Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Writing received message to socket");
                    nos.write(cmd.getBytes());
                } else {
                    Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Cannot send message. Socket is closed");
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Message send failed. Caught an exception");
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(byte[]... values) {
            if (values.length > 0) {
                Log.i("AsyncTask", "onProgressUpdate: " + values[0].length + " bytes received.");
                textStatus.setText(new String(values[0]));
            }
        }
        @Override
        protected void onCancelled() {
            Log.i("AsyncTask", "Cancelled.");
            btnStart.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
            if (result) {
                Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPostExecute: Completed with an Error.");
                textStatus.setText("There was a connection error.");
            } else {
                Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPostExecute: Completed.");
            }
            btnStart.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        networktask.cancel(true); //In case the task is currently running
    }
}
android android-asynctask android-networking
3个回答
5
投票

SendDataToNetwork任务在主ui线程中运行，这意味着由于NetworkOnMainThreadException致命异常，它将导致Honeycomb或更高版本的应用程序崩溃。这是我的SendDataToNetwork想要避免这个问题：

public boolean sendDataToNetwork(final byte[] cmd) { 
    if (_nsocket.isConnected()) {
        Log.i(TAG, "SendDataToNetwork: Writing received message to socket");
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    _nos.write(cmd);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    Log.i(TAG, "SendDataToNetwork: Message send failed. Caught an exception");
                }
            }
        }).start();

        return true;
    }

    Log.i(TAG, "SendDataToNetwork: Cannot send message. Socket is closed");
    return false;
}
3
投票

你的SendDataToNetwork不会和doInBackground()在同一个线程上运行。 SendDataToNetwork有可能在套接字准备好之前开始发送数据。

为了避免这一切，只需使用SendDataToNetwork将数据和信号保存到后台线程，即可以发送数据。

由于用户可能会多次按下按钮，而旧数据仍在发送，因此您应该在NetworkTask中同步Queue。然后：

  1. 后台线程设置套接字连接，然后进入休眠状态（通过wait（））。
  2. 按下按钮，SendDataToNetwork将数据添加到队列并唤醒后台线程（通过notify()）。
  3. 当后台线程唤醒时，它首先检查finish标志。如果设置，它将关闭连接并退出。如果不是，它从队列中读取数据，将其发送到网络并返回休眠状态。
  4. 你应该有finish()方法，它设置一个finish标志（原子变量，像布尔值）并唤醒后台线程。这是一种优雅地退出后台线程的方法。

看一下线程同步的完成方式：http://www.jchq.net/tutorial/07_03Tut.htm

3
投票

更多互动的例子

与OP类似，但您可以控制主机，端口和消息+如果连接失败，则会出现弹出错误通知。

enter image description here

用法1：

  • 在局域网上获取Android和Linux桌面
  • 使用ifconfig找到桌面的IP
  • 在终端上运行netcat -l 12345
  • 在Android上，填写桌面的IP
  • 单击联系服务器
  • 在终端上，输入回复，然后点击Ctrl + D
  • 它出现在output:部分

用法2：

  • 主机名google.com
  • 港口80
  • 消息："GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: google.com\r\n\r\n"

请注意，在回复期望进一步请求后，某些HTTP服务器将不会关闭，并且应用程序将挂起直到超时。这些服务器希望你解析Content-Width标题并关闭自己。

如果连接失败，则会在对话框中向用户显示警告消息。

码

添加到AndroidManifest.xml：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

主要活动是：

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Main extends Activity {
    final static String TAG = "AndroidCheatSocket";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        final LinearLayout linearLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
        linearLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
        TextView textView;

        final String defaultHostname = "192.168.0.";
        textView = new TextView(this);
        textView.setText("hostname / IP:");
        linearLayout.addView(textView);
        final EditText hostnameEditText = new EditText(this);
        hostnameEditText.setText(defaultHostname);
        hostnameEditText.setSingleLine(true);
        linearLayout.addView(hostnameEditText);

        textView = new TextView(this);
        textView.setText("port:");
        linearLayout.addView(textView);
        final EditText portEditText = new EditText(this);
        portEditText.setText("12345");
        portEditText.setSingleLine(true);
        linearLayout.addView(portEditText);

        textView = new TextView(this);
        textView.setText("data to send:");
        linearLayout.addView(textView);
        final EditText dataEditText = new EditText(this);
        dataEditText.setText(String.format("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n", defaultHostname));
        linearLayout.addView(dataEditText);

        final TextView replyTextView = new TextView(this);
        final ScrollView replyTextScrollView = new ScrollView(this);
        replyTextScrollView.addView(replyTextView);

        final Button button = new Button(this);
        button.setText("contact server");
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                button.setEnabled(false);
                new MyAsyncTask(Main.this, replyTextView, button).execute(
                        hostnameEditText.getText().toString(),
                        portEditText.getText().toString(),
                        dataEditText.getText().toString());

            }
        });
        linearLayout.addView(button);

        textView = new TextView(this);
        textView.setText("output:");
        linearLayout.addView(textView);
        linearLayout.addView(replyTextScrollView);

        this.setContentView(linearLayout);
    }

    private class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
        Activity activity;
        Button button;
        TextView textView;
        IOException ioException;
        MyAsyncTask(Activity activity, TextView textView, Button button) {
            super();
            this.activity = activity;
            this.textView = textView;
            this.button = button;
            this.ioException = null;
        }
        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            try {
                Socket socket = new Socket(
                        params[0],
                        Integer.parseInt(params[1]));
                OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
                out.write(params[2].getBytes());
                InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
                byte buf[] = new byte[1024];
                int nbytes;
                while ((nbytes = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
                    sb.append(new String(buf, 0, nbytes));
                }
                socket.close();
            } catch(IOException e) {
                this.ioException = e;
                return "error";
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            if (this.ioException != null) {
                new AlertDialog.Builder(this.activity)
                    .setTitle("An error occurrsed")
                    .setMessage(this.ioException.toString())
                    .setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert)
                    .show();
            } else {
                this.textView.setText(result);
            }
            this.button.setEnabled(true);
        }
    }
}

On GitHub with build boilerplate。

我还发布了一个Android服务器示例：https://stackoverflow.com/a/35745834/895245

在Android 5.1.1，Sony Xperia 3 D6643上测试。

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