所以，我遇到了安装 lxml 的经典问题。
最初我只是 pip 安装，但是当我尝试使用
Element.clear()Python(58695,0x1001b4580) malloc: *** error for object 0x600000bc3f60: pointer being freed was not allocated
我想这一定是因为 lxml 使用的是系统的 libxml2，它可能已经过时了。
所以我使用 homebrew 安装了 libxml2 和 libxlt，并且我强制将它们链接起来。
然后我尝试使用以下命令安装：
❯ STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml --no-cache-dir 13:01:46
Collecting lxml
Downloading lxml-4.8.0.tar.gz (3.2 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3.2/3.2 MB 5.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: lxml
Building wheel for lxml (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for lxml: filename=lxml-4.8.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_12_0_arm64.whl size=1683935 sha256=47912c1ba66d274c3ad7b2a2db00243f96d334a3fd5e439725f5005a7a72a602
Stored in directory: /private/var/folders/g9/lqph46sj36n9kkvjt1pzdxhm0000gn/T/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-4_v4ov7s/wheels/e4/52/34/64064e2e2f1ce84d212a6dde6676f3227846210a7996fc2530
Successfully built lxml
Installing collected packages: lxml
Successfully installed lxml-4.8.0
..但是当我尝试导入 etree 时，我会得到这个错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/human/Code/ia_book_images/viewer/book_image_downloader.py", line 4, in <module>
from lxml import etree as ET
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/human/.virtualenvs/ia_book_images/lib/python3.10/site-packages/lxml/etree.cpython-310-darwin.so, 0x0002): symbol not found in flat namespace '___htmlDefaultSAXHandler'
然后我想让我们 100% 确保它使用 CFLAGS 使用正确版本的 libxml2 并得到以下结果：
❯ CFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include" STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml --no-cache-dir
Collecting lxml
Downloading lxml-4.8.0.tar.gz (3.2 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3.2/3.2 MB 4.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [199 lines of output]
Checking for gcc...
Checking for shared library support...
Building shared library libz.1.2.12.dylib with gcc.
Checking for size_t... Yes.
Checking for off64_t... No.
Checking for fseeko... Yes.
Checking for strerror... Yes.
Checking for unistd.h... Yes.
Checking for stdarg.h... Yes.
Checking whether to use vs[n]printf() or s[n]printf()... using vs[n]printf().
Checking for vsnprintf() in stdio.h... Yes.
Checking for return value of vsnprintf()... Yes.
Checking for attribute(visibility) support... Yes.
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -I. -c -o example.o test/example.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o adler32.o adler32.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o crc32.o crc32.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o deflate.o deflate.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o infback.o infback.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o inffast.o inffast.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o inflate.o inflate.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o inftrees.o inftrees.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o trees.o trees.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o zutil.o zutil.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o compress.o compress.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o uncompr.o uncompr.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o gzclose.o gzclose.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o gzlib.o gzlib.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o gzread.o gzread.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -c -o gzwrite.o gzwrite.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -I. -c -o minigzip.o test/minigzip.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/adler32.o adler32.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/crc32.o crc32.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/deflate.o deflate.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/infback.o infback.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/inflate.o inflate.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/inffast.o inffast.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/inftrees.o inftrees.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/trees.o trees.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/zutil.o zutil.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/gzclose.o gzclose.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/uncompr.o uncompr.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/compress.o compress.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/gzlib.o gzlib.c
libtool -o libz.a adler32.o crc32.o deflate.o infback.o inffast.o inflate.o inftrees.o trees.o zutil.o compress.o uncompr.o gzclose.o gzlib.o gzread.o gzwrite.o
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/gzread.o gzread.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -DPIC -c -o objs/gzwrite.o gzwrite.c
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o example example.o -L. libz.a
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o minigzip minigzip.o -L. libz.a
gcc -dynamiclib -install_name /private/var/folders/g9/lqph46sj36n9kkvjt1pzdxhm0000gn/T/pip-install-kl4hmrrk/lxml_4ecb3c255ad049e39a89a66ee0a50e76/build/tmp/libxml2/lib/libz.1.dylib -compatibility_version 1 -current_version 1.2.12 -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -fPIC -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o libz.1.2.12.dylib adler32.lo crc32.lo deflate.lo infback.lo inffast.lo inflate.lo inftrees.lo trees.lo zutil.lo compress.lo uncompr.lo gzclose.lo gzlib.lo gzread.lo gzwrite.lo -lc -arch x86_64
ld: warning: ignoring file crc32.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file adler32.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file deflate.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file infback.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file inffast.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file inflate.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file inftrees.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file trees.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file compress.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file zutil.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file uncompr.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file gzread.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file gzlib.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file gzclose.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
ld: warning: ignoring file gzwrite.lo, building for macOS-x86_64 but attempting to link with file built for unknown-arm64
rm -f libz.dylib libz.1.dylib
ln -s libz.1.2.12.dylib libz.dylib
ln -s libz.1.2.12.dylib libz.1.dylib
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o examplesh example.o -L. libz.1.2.12.dylib
gcc -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxslt/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o minigzipsh minigzip.o -L. libz.1.2.12.dylib
ld: warning: ignoring file libz.1.2.12.dylib, building for macOS-arm64 but attempting to link with file built for macOS-x86_64
ld: warning: ignoring file libz.1.2.12.dylib, building for macOS-arm64 but attempting to link with file built for macOS-x86_64
Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
"_gzclose", referenced from:
_gz_compress in minigzip.o
_gz_uncompress in minigzip.o
"_gzdopen", referenced from:
_main in minigzip.o
"_gzerror", referenced from:
_gz_compress in minigzip.o
_gz_uncompress in minigzip.o
"_gzopen", referenced from:
_file_compress in minigzip.o
_file_uncompress in minigzip.o
_main in minigzip.o
"_gzread", referenced from:
_gz_uncompress in minigzip.o
"_gzwrite", referenced from:
_gz_compress in minigzip.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
"_compress", referenced from:
_test_compress in example.o
(maybe you meant: _test_compress)
"_deflate", referenced from:
_test_deflate in example.o
_test_large_deflate in example.o
_test_flush in example.o
_test_dict_deflate in example.o
(maybe you meant: _test_large_deflate, _test_deflate , _test_dict_deflate )
"_deflateEnd", referenced from:
_test_deflate in example.o
_test_large_deflate in example.o
_test_flush in example.o
_test_dict_deflate in example.o
"_deflateInit_", referenced from:
_test_deflate in example.o
_test_large_deflate in example.o
_test_flush in example.o
_test_dict_deflate in example.o
"_deflateParams", referenced from:
_test_large_deflate in example.o
"_deflateSetDictionary", referenced from:
_test_dict_deflate in example.o
"_gzclose", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzerror", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzgetc", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzgets", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzopen", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzprintf", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzputc", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzputs", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzread", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzseek", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gztell", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_gzungetc", referenced from:
_test_gzio in example.o
"_inflate", referenced from:
_test_inflate in example.o
_test_large_inflate in example.o
_test_sync in example.o
_test_dict_inflate in example.o
(maybe you meant: _test_large_inflate, _test_inflate , _test_dict_inflate )
"_inflateEnd", referenced from:
_test_inflate in example.o
_test_large_inflate in example.o
_test_sync in example.o
_test_dict_inflate in example.o
"_inflateInit_", referenced from:
_test_inflate in example.o
_test_large_inflate in example.o
_test_sync in example.o
_test_dict_inflate in example.o
"_inflateSetDictionary", referenced from:
_test_dict_inflate in example.o
"_inflateSync", referenced from:
_test_sync in example.o
"_uncompress", referenced from:
_test_compress in example.o
"_zlibCompileFlags", referenced from:
_main in example.o
"_zlibVersion", referenced from:
_main in example.o
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [minigzipsh] Error 1
make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make: *** [examplesh] Error 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
File "/private/var/folders/g9/lqph46sj36n9kkvjt1pzdxhm0000gn/T/pip-install-kl4hmrrk/lxml_4ecb3c255ad049e39a89a66ee0a50e76/setup.py", line 270, in <module>
**setup_extra_options()
File "/private/var/folders/g9/lqph46sj36n9kkvjt1pzdxhm0000gn/T/pip-install-kl4hmrrk/lxml_4ecb3c255ad049e39a89a66ee0a50e76/setup.py", line 162, in setup_extra_options
ext_modules = setupinfo.ext_modules(
File "/private/var/folders/g9/lqph46sj36n9kkvjt1pzdxhm0000gn/T/pip-install-kl4hmrrk/lxml_4ecb3c255ad049e39a89a66ee0a50e76/setupinfo.py", line 74, in ext_modules
XML2_CONFIG, XSLT_CONFIG = build_libxml2xslt(
File "/private/var/folders/g9/lqph46sj36n9kkvjt1pzdxhm0000gn/T/pip-install-kl4hmrrk/lxml_4ecb3c255ad049e39a89a66ee0a50e76/buildlibxml.py", line 428, in build_libxml2xslt
cmmi(zlib_configure_cmd, zlib_dir, multicore, **call_setup)
File "/private/var/folders/g9/lqph46sj36n9kkvjt1pzdxhm0000gn/T/pip-install-kl4hmrrk/lxml_4ecb3c255ad049e39a89a66ee0a50e76/buildlibxml.py", line 352, in cmmi
call_subprocess(
File "/private/var/folders/g9/lqph46sj36n9kkvjt1pzdxhm0000gn/T/pip-install-kl4hmrrk/lxml_4ecb3c255ad049e39a89a66ee0a50e76/buildlibxml.py", line 335, in call_subprocess
raise Exception('Command "%s" returned code %s' % (cmd_desc, returncode))
Exception: Command "make -j6" returned code 2
Building lxml version 4.8.0.
Latest version of zlib is 1.2.12
Downloading zlib into libs/zlib-1.2.12.tar.gz from https://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.12.tar.gz
Unpacking zlib-1.2.12.tar.gz into build/tmp
Latest version of libiconv is 1.16
Downloading libiconv into libs/libiconv-1.16.tar.gz from https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.16.tar.gz
Unpacking libiconv-1.16.tar.gz into build/tmp
Latest version of libxml2 is 2.9.12
Downloading libxml2 into libs/libxml2-2.9.12.tar.gz from http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxml2-2.9.12.tar.gz
Unpacking libxml2-2.9.12.tar.gz into build/tmp
Latest version of libxslt is 1.1.34
Downloading libxslt into libs/libxslt-1.1.34.tar.gz from http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxslt-1.1.34.tar.gz
Unpacking libxslt-1.1.34.tar.gz into build/tmp
Starting build in build/tmp/zlib-1.2.12
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed
× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.
note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.
我需要做一些特别的事情来在 m1 mac 上构建 lxml 吗？
一个可行的解决方案——从源代码构建它：
git clone https://github.com/lxml/lxml
cd lxml
git checkout tags/lxml-4.9.1
python3 setup.py bdist_wheel
cd dist/
sudo pip3 install lxml-4.9.1-cp310-cp310-macosx_12_0_arm64.whl
我遇到了同样的问题。通过运行命令
python -c 'from lxml import etree' File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: dlopen(/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lxml/etree.cpython-39-darwin.so, 2): no suitable image found. Did find:
/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lxml/etree.cpython-39-darwin.so: mach-o, but wrong architecture
/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lxml/etree.cpython-39-darwin.so: mach-o, but wrong architecture
使用以下命令解决问题：
ARCHFLAGS="-arch arm64" pip install lxml不确定这是否适合您，但我无法在 virtualenv 中安装 lxml，但我可以成功安装到系统 python
pip3 install lxmlpip install lxml这仍然不适用于带有 Apple Silicon（M1 芯片）的 Mac。我试过从源代码构建但是失败了：
ImportError: dlopen(~/.local/share/virtualenvs/onixjester-C0VQWNFj/lib/python3.9/site-packages/lxml/etree.cpython-39-darwin.so, 0x0002): symbol not found in flat namespace '_exsltDateXpathCtxtRegister
，如果我使用 Michael M 建议的带有 pip 的 ARCHFLAGS 安装，当我尝试时它仍然会抱怨以上消息：
python -c "from lxml import etree"我想知道这个问题是出在 etree 上还是 cpython 上？
按照 oxuser 的建议从源代码构建是对我来说的解决方案，只需检查您正在运行的 Python 体系结构以最终获得您想要的东西：osx-64 或 osx-arm64（M1 本机）轮。在我看来，更简单的控制方法是使用 Anaconda 中的 Conda。
在终端中检查您的 Python 架构类型：
> python -c 'import platform; print(platform.platform())'将此行添加到您的 ~/.zshrc 或等效项（https://towardsdatascience.com/python-conda-environments-for-both-arm64-and-x86-64-on-m1-apple-silicon-147b943ffa55 ):
create_x86_conda_environment () {
CONDA_SUBDIR=osx-64 conda create -n $@
conda activate $1
}
create_ARM_conda_environment () {
CONDA_SUBDIR=osx-arm64 conda create -n $@
conda activate $1
}重启你的shell
在终端设置你的环境，ej:
create_ARM_conda_environment myenv_xARM python=3.9
或
create_x86_conda_environment myenv_x86 python=3.9</code>
事实证明，使用简单的
pip install我的 malloc 错误的原因是我试图在看到结束标记之前清除元素。事实证明这是不可能的，即使您已经知道自己对该元素不感兴趣，您也需要等待结束标记。