如何使用从密码派生的密钥正确加密和解密文件

问题描述 投票:0回答:1

我正在尝试找出使用“PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256”标准加密和解密文件的正确过程。

根据我从 Oracle 的示例代码中了解到的内容。

我发现需要盐,以及迭代计数和哈希标准。

所以我有我的主要方法,传入加密方法:

  1. 用户定义的密码
    new String(key).toCharArray()
    作为字节数组(使用此方法进行其他加密运行)
  2. 安全随机 IV
    initVector
    作为字节数组
  3. 纯文本文件
    inputFile
    作为字符串
  4. 要创建的密文文件的名称
    outputFile
    作为字符串

我按照代码示例编写了我认为正确的加密方法。我通过将盐和 IV 附加到密文中来存储用于解密的盐和 IV。

private static void encrypt(byte[] key, byte[] initVector, String inputFile, String outputFile) //exceptions for throws... {
    //Initalisation for encryption
    Cipher cipher;

    byte[] salt = new byte[16];

        SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();

        // Salt randomly generated with base64
        rand.nextBytes(salt);
        System.out.println("my salt should be" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(salt));
        salt = Base64.getEncoder().encode(salt);

        // Iteration count
        int count = 1000;

        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(initVector);
        
        // Create PBE parameter set
        PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(salt), count, iv);                
        // Convert pass into SecretKey object
        PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(new String(key).toCharArray());
        SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
        SecretKey pbeKey;
        try {
            pbeKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);
        } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            System.out.println("Sorry, the password specified cannot be used as a secret key");
            System.out.println("Please check that your password uses valid characters");
            return;
        }

        // Create PBE Cipher
        cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");

        // Initialize PBE Cipher with key and parameters
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pbeKey, pbeParamSpec);
    }

    //File error checking and file handling (i.e. generating file paths)...

    System.out.println("Secret key is " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(key));
    System.out.println("IV is " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(initVector));

    //Special file reading and writing with 'Cipher Stream'
    try (InputStream fin = FileEncryptor.class.getResourceAsStream(loadFile.getName());
            OutputStream fout = Files.newOutputStream(saveFile);

            CipherOutputStream cipherOut = new CipherOutputStream(fout, cipher) {
            }) {
        final byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        for(int length=fin.read(bytes); length!=-1; length = fin.read(bytes)){

                fout.write(initVector);
                fout.write(salt);

            cipherOut.write(bytes, 0, length);

        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Something went wrong with reading and writing these files!");
        System.out.println("Please check you have the latest version of this program");
        System.out.println("Contact your IT admin to make sure you have sufficient privileges");
    }
    System.out.println("SUCCESS! Encryption finished, saved at specified location");
}

然后我也有我的main方法,传入解密方法:

  1. 用户定义的密码

    String inputKEY
    作为字符串(也使用此方法进行其他解密运行)

  2. inputIV
    的字符串,已作为 null 传入,因为未用于 PBE。

  3. 密文文件

    inputFile
    作为字符串

  4. 要创建的名称,将纯文本文件

    outputFile
    显示为字符串

    私有静态无效解密(字符串输入KEY,字符串输入IV,字符串输入文件,字符串输出文件){ 密码密码= null;

     //File error checking and file handling (i.e. generating file paths)...
    
     InputStream encryptedData = Files.newInputStream(loadFilePath);
    
    
         PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(inputKEY.toCharArray());
         SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
         SecretKey pbeKey = null;
         try {
             pbeKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);
         } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
         byte[] initVect = new byte[16];
         encryptedData.read(initVect);
    
         IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(initVect);
    
         byte[] salt = new byte[16];
         encryptedData.read(salt);
    
         PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(salt), 1000, iv);  
         cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
    
         System.out.println("my salt should be" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(Base64.getDecoder().decode(salt)));
    
         cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, pbeKey, pbeParamSpec); 
    
     try (CipherInputStream decryptStream = new CipherInputStream(encryptedData, cipher);    
             OutputStream decryptedOut = Files.newOutputStream(saveFile)){
         final byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
         for(int length=decryptStream.read(bytes); length!=-1; length = decryptStream.read(bytes)){
             decryptedOut.write(bytes, 0, length);
         }
     } catch (IOException e) { //This is caught when decryption is run
         System.out.println("Something went wrong with reading and writing these files!");
         System.out.println("Please check you have the latest version of this program");
         System.out.println("Contact your IT admin to make sure you have sufficient privileges");
     }
    
     System.out.println("SUCESS! Decryption finished, saved at specified location");
    

    }

我认为我对 PBE 的理解有些不正确,因此我实现它的方式可能是错误的。谁能指出哪里出了问题吗?

java encryption salt jce
1个回答
9
投票

主要问题是:

  • IV 和 Salt 不得写在
    for
    循环内。
  • IV 存储在
    encrypt
    中,不是 Base64 编码的,而是在
    decrypt
    中进行 Base64 解码。
  • 16 字节 salt 以
    encrypt
    (不必要)Base64 编码存储,即存储 24 字节。然而在
    decrypt
    中只加载了 16 个字节。

还有:

  • 编解码时,有时没有指定编码,所以使用默认编码。
  • encrypt
    decrypt
    对 key 和 IV 使用不同的参数类型。
  • 代码中有很多复制/粘贴错误。

注意:与您的代码相反,linked代码除了确定密钥之外,还确定来自密码和盐的IV。 在您的代码中,IV 已通过。因此,您必须确保密钥/IV 对只能使用一次。通常每次加密都会生成一个随机 IV。

在以下代码中(基于您的代码,但为了简单起见,没有异常处理)这些问题已得到修复/优化。此外,代码应用

FileInputStream
FileOutputStream
而不是您的类(但这不是必需的):

private static void encrypt(String key, byte[] initVector, String inputFile, String outputFile) throws Exception {

    // Key
    PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(key.toCharArray());
    SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
    SecretKey pbeKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);

    // IV
    IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(initVector);

    // Salt
    SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();
    byte[] salt = new byte[16];
    rand.nextBytes(salt);

    // ParameterSpec
    int count = 1000; // should be larger, see Michael Fehr's comment
    PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, count, iv);

    // Cipher
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pbeKey, pbeParamSpec);

    try (FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
         FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
         CipherOutputStream cipherOut = new CipherOutputStream(fout, cipher)) {
    
        // Write IV, Salt
        fout.write(initVector);
        fout.write(salt);
    
        // Encrypt
        final byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        for (int length = fin.read(bytes); length != -1; length = fin.read(bytes)) {
            cipherOut.write(bytes, 0, length);
        }
    } 
}
private static void decrypt(String key, byte[] initVect, String inputFile, String outputFile) throws Exception {

    try (FileInputStream encryptedData = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
         FileOutputStream decryptedOut = new FileOutputStream(outputFile)) {

        // Key
        PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(key.toCharArray());
        SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
        SecretKey pbeKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec);

        // Read IV
        if (initVect == null) {
            initVect = encryptedData.readNBytes(16);
        }
        IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(initVect);

        // Read salt
        byte[] salt = encryptedData.readNBytes(16);

        // ParameterSpec
        int count = 1000;
        PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, count, iv);

        // Cipher
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_256");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, pbeKey, pbeParamSpec);

        try (CipherInputStream decryptStream = new CipherInputStream(encryptedData, cipher)) {
        
            // Decrypt
            final byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            for (int length = decryptStream.read(bytes); length != -1; length = decryptStream.read(bytes)) {
                decryptedOut.write(bytes, 0, length);
            }
        } 
    }
}

编辑 - 关于

decrypt
中盐和IV的读取:
正如GPI在他们的评论中指出的那样,
FileInputStream.read(byte[] b)
通常读取
b.length
字节,但这不能保证。更稳健的是确定读取数据的长度并循环调用该方法,直到数据完成。另一种替代方法是使用
InputStream.readNBytes​(int len)
,这是 保证 读取
len
字节(除非遇到流末尾或抛出异常),正如 Zabuzard 所建议的那样。在代码中,现在使用后者,即将
read
替换为
readNBytes​

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