Plotly。如何制作标准差的多线图和阴影区的图？

Question

如何使用Plotly制作一个带有阴影标准差的线图？我试图实现类似seaborn.tsplot的功能。希望得到任何帮助。

Answer 1

下面的方法对于pandas数据框架中的列数来说是完全灵活的，并且使用了 plotly的默认颜色周期. 如果行数超过颜色数，颜色将从头开始重新使用。从现在开始 px.colors.qualitative.Plotly 可以用任何你能找到的十六进制颜色序列替换，使用 px.colors.qualitative:

Alphabet = ['#AA0DFE', '#3283FE', '#85660D', '#782AB6', '#565656', '#1...
Alphabet_r = ['#FA0087', '#FBE426', '#B00068', '#FC1CBF', '#C075A6', '...
[...]

完整的代码。

# imports
import plotly.graph_objs as go
import plotly.express as px
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# sample data in a pandas dataframe
np.random.seed(1)
df=pd.DataFrame(dict(A=np.random.uniform(low=-1, high=2, size=25).tolist(),
                    B=np.random.uniform(low=-4, high=3, size=25).tolist(),
                    C=np.random.uniform(low=-1, high=3, size=25).tolist(),
                    ))
df = df.cumsum()

# define colors as a list 
colors = px.colors.qualitative.Plotly

# convert plotly hex colors to rgba to enable transparency adjustments
def hex_rgba(hex, transparency):
    col_hex = hex.lstrip('#')
    col_rgb = list(int(col_hex[i:i+2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))
    col_rgb.extend([transparency])
    areacol = tuple(col_rgb)
    return areacol

rgba = [hex_rgba(c, transparency=0.2) for c in colors]
colCycle = ['rgba'+str(elem) for elem in rgba]

# Make sure the colors run in cycles if there are more lines than colors
def next_col(cols):
    while True:
        for col in cols:
            yield col
line_color=next_col(cols=colCycle)

# plotly  figure
fig = go.Figure()

# add line and shaded area for each series and standards deviation
for i, col in enumerate(df):
    new_col = next(line_color)
    x = list(df.index.values+1)
    y1 = df[col]
    y1_upper = [(y + np.std(df[col])) for y in df[col]]
    y1_lower = [(y - np.std(df[col])) for y in df[col]]
    y1_lower = y1_lower[::-1]

    # standard deviation area
    fig.add_traces(go.Scatter(x=x+x[::-1],
                                y=y1_upper+y1_lower,
                                fill='tozerox',
                                fillcolor=new_col,
                                line=dict(color='rgba(255,255,255,0)'),
                                showlegend=False,
                                name=col))

    # line trace
    fig.add_traces(go.Scatter(x=x,
                              y=y1,
                              line=dict(color=new_col, width=2.5),
                              mode='lines',
                              name=col)
                                )
# set x-axis
fig.update_layout(xaxis=dict(range=[1,len(df)]))

fig.show()

Answer 2

我想出了类似的办法。我将把代码贴在这里，供别人使用或提出任何改进建议。

import matplotlib,random import plotly.graph_objects as go import numpy as np。

#random color generation in plotly
hex_colors_dic = {}
rgb_colors_dic = {}
hex_colors_only = []
for name, hex in matplotlib.colors.cnames.items():
    hex_colors_only.append(hex)
    hex_colors_dic[name] = hex
    rgb_colors_dic[name] = matplotlib.colors.to_rgb(hex)

data = [[1, 3, 5, 4],
        [2, 3, 5, 4],
        [1, 1, 4, 5],
        [2, 3, 5, 4]]
#calculating mean and standard deviation
mean=np.mean(data,axis=0)
std=np.std(data,axis=0)

#draw figure
fig = go.Figure()
c = random.choice(hex_colors_only)
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=np.arange(4), y=mean+std,
                                     mode='lines',
                                     line=dict(color=c,width =0.1),
                                     name='upper bound'))
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=np.arange(4), y=mean,
                         mode='lines',
                         line=dict(color=c),
                         fill='tonexty',
                         name='mean'))
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=np.arange(4), y=mean-std,
                         mode='lines',
                         line=dict(color=c, width =0.1),
                         fill='tonexty',
                         name='lower bound'))
fig.show()