无法加载基于CI的Dylib

问题描述 投票:0回答:2

我正在Travis CI上构建Rust二进制文件(liblonlat_bng.dylib),将其拉入Cython扩展(与Cython源.c / .pyx相同的目录),并测试它,也在Travis CI上(在不同的回购和建立)。但是,Python包的测试失败了,我不知道为什么:

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nose/loader.py", line 418, in loadTestsFromName
    addr.filename, addr.module)
  File "/Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nose/importer.py", line 47, in importFromPath
    return self.importFromDir(dir_path, fqname)
  File "/Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nose/importer.py", line 94, in importFromDir
    mod = load_module(part_fqname, fh, filename, desc)
  File "/Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/test/test_convertbng.py", line 15, in <module>
    from convertbng.cutil import convert_bng as cconvert_bng
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/convertbng/cutil.so, 2): Library not loaded: /Users/travis/build/urschrei/lonlat_bng/target/x86_64-apple-darwin/release/liblonlat_bng.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/convertbng/cutil.so
  Reason: image not found

这是Travis软件包的OSX构建输出:

Installing collected packages: convertbng
  Running setup.py develop for convertbng
    Running command /Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/venv/bin/python2.7 -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" develop --no-deps
    running develop
    running egg_info
    writing requirements to convertbng.egg-info/requires.txt
    writing convertbng.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing top-level names to convertbng.egg-info/top_level.txt
    writing dependency_links to convertbng.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found
    reading manifest file 'convertbng.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
    writing manifest file 'convertbng.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    running build_ext
    building 'convertbng.cutil' extension
    creating build
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.11-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.11-x86_64-2.7/convertbng
    clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I. -Iconvertbng -I/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.11/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/include/python2.7 -c convertbng/cutil.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.11-x86_64-2.7/convertbng/cutil.o -O3
    [unused function warnings]
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-2.7/convertbng
    clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup build/temp.macosx-10.11-x86_64-2.7/convertbng/cutil.o -L. -Lconvertbng -llonlat_bng -o build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-2.7/convertbng/cutil.so
    copying build/lib.macosx-10.11-x86_64-2.7/convertbng/cutil.so -> convertbng
    Creating /Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/convertbng.egg-link (link to .)
    Adding convertbng 0.4.14 to easy-install.pth file
    Installed /Users/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng
Successfully installed convertbng

这是Linux Travis输出,它成功地将dylib定位在相对路径上。请注意$ORIGIN-R参数,该参数不能在OSX上使用:

Installing collected packages: convertbng
  Running setup.py develop for convertbng
    Running command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/home/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" develop --no-deps
    running develop
    running egg_info
    writing requirements to convertbng.egg-info/requires.txt
    writing convertbng.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing top-level names to convertbng.egg-info/top_level.txt
    writing dependency_links to convertbng.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found
    reading manifest file 'convertbng.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    writing manifest file 'convertbng.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    running build_ext
    building 'convertbng.cutil' extension
    creating build
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/convertbng
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I. -Iconvertbng -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c convertbng/cutil.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/convertbng/cutil.o -O3
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/convertbng
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/convertbng/cutil.o -L. -Lconvertbng -Wl,-R$ORIGIN -llonlat_bng -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/convertbng/cutil.so
    copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/convertbng/cutil.so -> convertbng
    Creating /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/convertbng.egg-link (link to .)
    Adding convertbng 0.4.14 to easy-install.pth file
    Installed /home/travis/build/urschrei/convertbng
Successfully installed convertbng

其他详情:

  • 我的OS X和Travis都在使用XCode 7.3
  • 二进制文件在本地和Travis上使用相同的提交构建
  • 如果我在本地构建二进制文件,然后在我的包上运行setup.py build_ext --inplace,则测试通过
  • 我为Linux运行相同的安装,使用在Travis上使用相同提交构建的.so,并且测试通过
  • 如果我将Travis构建的.dylib复制到我的本地机器,然后运行setup.py build_ext --inplace,则测试失败并出现与Travis相同的错误。

我对这是怎么回事感到非常困惑。我应该在二进制文件中看到什么吗? otool -l输出略有不同。例如:

本地:

cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 01:00:02 1970
current version 1226.10.1

特拉维斯:

cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan  1 00:00:02 1970
current version 1225.1.1

链接到传递Linux的工作:https://travis-ci.org/urschrei/convertbng/jobs/136730347 链接到失败的OSX工作:https://travis-ci.org/urschrei/convertbng/jobs/136730348

更新:这肯定是因为库名。如果我使用install_name_tool将dylib位置更改为@loader_path/liblonlat_bng.dylib

install_name_tool -change /Users/travis/build/urschrei/lonlat_bng/target/x86_64-apple-darwin/release/liblonlat_bng.dylib @loader_path/liblonlat_bng.dylib convertbng/cutil.so

Travis构建的可执行文件将在我的本地计算机上运行。然而,特拉维斯似乎有一个破坏的install_name_tool安装,我没有设法从cutil.so传递正确的调用setup.py。我已经尝试将extra_link_args设置为生成的['-Wl,-rpath,'+'@loader_path/liblonlat_bng.dylib']

/usr/bin/clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -g build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/convertbng/cutil.o -L. -Lconvertbng -llonlat_bng -o build/lib.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/convertbng/cutil.so -Wl,-rpath,@loader_path/liblonlat_bng.dylib

但如果我这样做,我的测试仍然会失败。

更新2:在建造货物时,我可以在链接阶段修复dylib的install_name

RUSTFLAGS="-C link-args=-Wl,-install_name,@rpath/liblonlat_bng.dylib" cargo build --release

这很有效。但我怀疑我的setup.py Extension设置错误:

# only append the runtime dir on Linux
rdirs = []
ldirs = []
if sys.platform != 'darwin':
    # from http://stackoverflow.com/a/10252190/416626
    # the $ORIGIN trick is not perfect, though
    rdirs = ['$ORIGIN']
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
    ldirs = ['-Wl,-rpath,'+'@loader_path/liblonlat_bng.dylib']

extensions = Extension("convertbng.cutil",
                    sources=["convertbng/cutil" + suffix],
                    libraries=["lonlat_bng"],
                    include_dirs=['.', 'convertbng'],
                    library_dirs=['.', 'convertbng'],
                    runtime_library_dirs=rdirs,
                    extra_compile_args=["-O3"],
                    extra_link_args=ldirs
) 
python rust cython travis-ci
2个回答
0
投票

有两种方法可以在不使用install_name_tool的情况下解决这个问题。 假设您的dylib与Cython扩展名在同一目录中(在本例中为cutil.so

  • 使用rpath支持编译Rust二进制文件,并在setup.py Extension实例中正确设置rpath: 最干净的方法是在你的rpath=true中设置[profile.release]under cargo.tomlSee here。 你也可以调用RUSTFLAGS="-C rpath" cargo build --release
  • 灵活性较低的方法是编译Rust二进制文件并通过链接器标志传递路径。这会在路径中进行烘焙(尽管有动态参考),但是: cargo rustc --release -- -C link-args=-Wl,-install_name,@rpath/libname.dylib

在Rust dylib中启用rpath支持后,编辑你的setup.py

在你的extra_link_args=["-Wl,-rpath", "-Wl,@loader_path/"]实例中设置(或添加)Extension

如果你编译你的Cython扩展(例如使用setup.py build_ext --inplace),然后在生成的otool -l上运行.so,你就会知道它是有用的:

   @rpath/liblonlat_bng.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1226.10.1)

如果你希望你的Rust dylib相对于你的Cython扩展,你需要相应调整@rpath/中的@loader_path/setup.py路径。

注意:上述内容仅适用于OS X上的相对路径。在Linux上,您可以在extra_link_args=["-Wl,-rpath", "-Wl,$ORIGIN"] setup.py实例中设置Extension(如果您的Rust dylib在其他地方相对于您的扩展名,则相应地调整它。)


0
投票

我有同样的问题,我相信它是Distutils中的一个错误。我已经发出拉动请求来解决这个问题,我也提出了一个解决方法。见https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/12418

你能在setup.py中尝试以下方法吗?

from Cython.Distutils.build_ext import new_build_ext as build_ext
# alternative:
# from distutils.command import build_ext

class my_build_ext(build_ext):
    """Workaround for rpath bug in distutils for OSX."""

    def finalize_options(self):
        super().finalize_options()
        # Special treatment of rpath in case of OSX, to work around python
        # distutils bug 36353. This constructs proper rpath arguments for clang.
        # See https://bugs.python.org/issue36353
        if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin":
            for path in self.rpath:
                for ext in self.extensions:
                    ext.extra_link_args.append("-Wl,-rpath," + path)
            self.rpath[:] = []

setup(
    cmdclass={'build_ext': my_build_ext}
    # ...
)
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