我第一次使用
std::unordered_set
进行自定义类型,我不知道我缺少什么来为我的集编译 contains()
。
我基本上有一个看起来像这样的课程:
class MyClass
{
// Ctor/Dtor
public:
MyClass(const std::string& name /* + other params in my real use case */) : m_name(name) {}
~MyClass() = default;
// Members
private:
std::string m_name;
// Operators
public:
// Equal operators
bool operator==(const MyClass &other) const
{
return m_name == other.m_name;
}
bool operator==(const std::string& other) const
{
return m_name == other;
}
bool operator==(const char* other) const
{
return m_name == other;
}
// Functors
public:
// Hash functor
struct Hash
{
std::size_t operator()(const MyClass &class_) const
{
return std::hash<std::string>()(class_.m_name);
}
std::size_t operator()(const std::string &name) const
{
return std::hash<std::string>()(name);
}
std::size_t operator()(const char* name) const
{
return std::hash<std::string>()(name);
}
};
// Equal functor
struct Equal
{
bool operator()(const MyClass &lhs, const MyClass &rhs) const
{
return lhs.m_name == rhs.m_name;
}
bool operator()(const MyClass &lhs, const std::string &rhs) const
{
return lhs.m_name == rhs;
}
bool operator()(const std::string &lhs, const MyClass &rhs) const
{
return lhs == rhs.m_name;
}
bool operator()(const MyClass &lhs, const char* rhs) const
{
return lhs.m_name == rhs;
}
bool operator()(const char* lhs, const MyClass &rhs) const
{
return lhs == rhs.m_name;
}
};
};
使用这个类,我想创建一个
std::unordered_set
并检查名称为key1
的元素是否存在。为此,我想使用以下代码:
int main()
{
// I tried both, but none of them seem to work
std::unordered_set<MyClass, MyClass::Hash, MyClass::Equal> set;
// std::unordered_set<MyClass, MyClass::Hash> set;
// Add sample elements to the set
set.emplace("key1");
set.emplace("key2");
// Check if the set contains "key1"
if (set.contains("key1")) // Compile error on this line. Why does this not work?
{
std::wcout << L"set contains key1." << std::endl;
} else {
std::wcout << L"set doesn't contain key1." << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
但是我在调用
contains()
时不断收到编译器错误:
`错误:没有匹配的函数可用于调用“std::unordered_set
::contains(const char [5])”[...]
我不明白为什么,也找不到任何相关资源。
我想我错过了一些东西,因为以下代码使用
std::string
确实可以正常工作:
int main()
{
std::unordered_set<std::string> set;
// Add sample elements to the set
set.emplace("key1");
set.emplace("key2");
// Check if the set contains "key1"
if (set.contains("key1")) // Why does this not work?
{
std::wcout << L"set contains key1." << std::endl;
} else {
std::wcout << L"set doesn't contain key1." << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
您的问题是
set.contains("key1")
传入的参数不是 MyClass
对象,仅当 Hash::is_transparent
和 KeyEqual::is_transparent
都有效且各自表示一种类型时才有效。这意味着您需要将 Hash
和 Equals
结构更改为以下内容:
struct Hash
{
using is_transparent = std::true_type;
std::size_t operator()(const MyClass &class_) const
{
return std::hash<std::string>()(class_.m_name);
}
std::size_t operator()(const std::string &name) const
{
return std::hash<std::string>()(name);
}
std::size_t operator()(const char* name) const
{
return std::hash<std::string>()(name);
}
};
// Equal functor
struct Equal
{
using is_transparent = std::true_type;
bool operator()(const MyClass &lhs, const MyClass &rhs) const
{
return lhs.m_name == rhs.m_name;
}
bool operator()(const MyClass &lhs, const std::string &rhs) const
{
return lhs.m_name == rhs;
}
bool operator()(const std::string &lhs, const MyClass &rhs) const
{
return lhs == rhs.m_name;
}
bool operator()(const MyClass &lhs, const char* rhs) const
{
return lhs.m_name == rhs;
}
bool operator()(const char* lhs, const MyClass &rhs) const
{
return lhs == rhs.m_name;
}
};
现在将通知
std::unordered_set
,它可以将哈希器和比较器与密钥类型以外的对象一起使用。