如何为 SPA 创建普通 JS 路由?

问题描述 投票:0回答:3

我正在创建一个没有框架/工具/库的 Web 应用程序,全部是 Vanilla JS。我更多的是采用“React”风格。

我想调用视图/pages/dashboard.js 中的视图,显示该视图并在用户单击仪表板导航链接时更改 URL。这是导航栏:https://codepen.io/Aurelian/pen/EGJvZW

也许将子导航项集成到路线中会很好。如果用户位于个人资料上的 GitHub 文件夹中,我将如何在 URL 中显示它?

如何为此创建路由?

GitHub 存储库是 https://github.com/AurelianSpodarec/JS_GitHub_Replica/tree/master/src/js

这是我尝试过的:

document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
    var Router = function (name, routes) {
        return {
            name: name,
            routes: routes
        }
    };
    var view = document.getElementsByClassName('main-container');
    var myRouter = new Router('myRouter', [
        {
            path: '/',
            name: "Dahsboard"
        },
        {
            path: '/todo',
            name: "To-Do"
        },
        {
            path: '/calendar',
            name: "Calendar"
        }
    ]);
    var currentPath = window.location.pathname;
    if (currentPath === '/') {
        view.innerHTML = "You are on the Dashboard";
        console.log(view);
    } else {
        view.innerHTML = "you are not";
    }
});
javascript ecmascript-6 routes single-page-application
3个回答
12
投票

制作香草 SPA 至少有两种基本方法。

哈希路由器

策略是向

window.onhashchange
添加一个侦听器(或侦听 hashchange 事件),每当 URL 中的哈希值从
https://www.example.com/#/foo
更改为
https://www.example.com/#/bar
时,该侦听器就会触发。您可以解析
window.location.hash
字符串来确定路由并注入相关内容。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script>
      const nav = `<a href="/#/">Home</a> | 
                   <a href="/#/about">About</a> | 
                   <a href="/#/contact">Contact</a>`;
      const routes = {
        "": `<h1>Home</h1>${nav}<p>Welcome home!</p>`,
        about: `<h1>About</h1>${nav}<p>This is a tiny SPA</p>`,
      };
      const render = (path) => {
        document.querySelector("#app").innerHTML =
          routes[path.replace(/^#\//, "")] ?? `<h1>404</h1>${nav}`;
      };
      window.onhashchange = (evt) => render(window.location.hash);
      render(window.location.hash);
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

历史API

现代方法使用 History API,这对用户来说更自然,因为 URL 中不涉及哈希字符。

我使用的策略是为所有同域链接点击添加事件监听器。侦听器使用目标 URL 调用

window.history.pushState

“返回”浏览器事件由

popstate
事件捕获,该事件解析
window.location.href
以调用正确的路线。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script>
      const nav = `<a href="/">Home</a> |
                   <a href="/about">About</a> |
                   <a href="/contact">Contact</a>`;
      const routes = {
        "/": `<h1>Home</h1>${nav}<p>Welcome home!</p>`,
        "/about": `<h1>About</h1>${nav}<p>This is a tiny SPA</p>`,
      };
      const render = path => {
        document.querySelector("#app")
          .innerHTML = routes[path] ?? `<h1>404</h1>${nav}`;
        document.querySelectorAll('#app [href^="/"]').forEach(el =>
          el.addEventListener("click", evt => {
            evt.preventDefault();
            const {pathname: path} = new URL(evt.target.href);
            window.history.pushState({path}, path, path);
            render(path);
          })
        );
      };
      window.addEventListener("popstate", e =>
        render(new URL(window.location.href).pathname)
      );
      render("/");
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

以上示例已尽可能少。我在 Glitch 上有一个功能更全面的概念证明,它添加了基于组件的系统和模块。

如果你想处理更复杂的路线,

route-parser
包可以节省一些轮子的改造。

没有JS

顺便说一句,有一个技巧可以在不使用 JS 的情况下制作基于哈希的 SPA,即使用

:target
CSS 伪选择器在重叠的全屏部分上切换
display: none
display: block
,如 A Whole Website in a 中所述。单个 HTML 文件https://john-doe.neocities.org.

html {
  height: 100%;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  height: 100%;
}
section {
  padding: 1em;
  padding-top: 2em;
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: #fff;
}
nav {
  padding: 1em;
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 99;
}
section:target {
  display: block;
}
#home {
  display: block;
}
<nav>
  <a href="#">Home</a> |
  <a href="#about">About</a> |
  <a href="#contact">Contact</a>
</nav>
<section id="home">
  <h1>Home</h1>
  <p>Welcome home!</p>
</section>
<section id="about">
  <h1>About</h1>
  <p>This is a tiny SPA</p>
</section>
<section id="contact">
  <h1>Contact</h1>
  <p>Contact page</p>
</section>


4
投票

正如我在评论中所说,监听

popstate
并使用主题标签 (
#
) 方法是在 JS 中进行路由的最简单方法。

这是路由器最简单的骨架:

//App area
var appArea = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
//Registered routes
var routes = [
    {
        url: '', callback: function () {
            appArea.innerHTML = "<h1>Home</h1><a href=\"#todo\">To-Do</a><br/><a href=\"#calendar\">Calendar</a>";
        }
    }
];
//Routing function
function Routing() {
    var hash = window.location.hash.substr(1).replace(/\//ig, '/');
    //Default route is first registered route
    var route = routes[0];
    //Find matching route
    for (var index = 0; index < routes.length; index++) {
        var testRoute = routes[index];
        if (hash == testRoute.url) {
            route = testRoute;
        }
    }
    //Fire route
    route.callback();
}
//Listener
window.addEventListener('popstate', Routing);
//Initial call
setTimeout(Routing, 0);
//Add other routes
routes.push({ url: "todo", callback: function () { appArea.innerHTML = "<h1>To-Do</h1><a href=\"#\">Home</a><br/><a href=\"#calendar\">Calendar</a>"; } });
routes.push({ url: "calendar", callback: function () { appArea.innerHTML = "<h1>Calendar</h1><a href=\"#\">Home</a></br><a href=\"#todo\">To-Do</a>"; } });

现在在任何真实的上下文中,您都需要可重用的 DOM 元素和作用域卸载函数,因此上面的内容可能应该是这样的:

// ## Class ## //
var Router = /** @class */ (function () {
    function Router() {
    }
    //Initializer function. Call this to change listening for window changes.
    Router.init = function () {
        //Remove previous event listener if set
        if (this.listener !== null) {
            window.removeEventListener('popstate', this.listener);
            this.listener = null;
        }
        //Set new listener for "popstate"
        this.listener = window.addEventListener('popstate', function () {
            //Callback to Route checker on window state change
            this.checkRoute.call(this);
        }.bind(this));
        //Call initial routing as soon as thread is available
        setTimeout(function () {
            this.checkRoute.call(this);
        }.bind(this), 0);
        return this;
    };
    //Adding a route to the list
    Router.addRoute = function (name, url, cb) {
        var route = this.routes.find(function (r) { return r.name === name; });
        url = url.replace(/\//ig, '/');
        if (route === void 0) {
            this.routes.push({
                callback: cb,
                name: name.toString().toLowerCase(),
                url: url
            });
        }
        else {
            route.callback = cb;
            route.url = url;
        }
        return this;
    };
    //Adding multiple routes to list
    Router.addRoutes = function (routes) {
        var _this = this;
        if (routes === void 0) { routes = []; }
        routes
            .forEach(function (route) {
            _this.addRoute(route.name, route.url, route.callback);
        });
        return this;
    };
    //Removing a route from the list by route name
    Router.removeRoute = function (name) {
        name = name.toString().toLowerCase();
        this.routes = this.routes
            .filter(function (route) {
            return route.name != name;
        });
        return this;
    };
    //Check which route to activate
    Router.checkRoute = function () {
        //Get hash
        var hash = window.location.hash.substr(1).replace(/\//ig, '/');
        //Default to first registered route. This should probably be your 404 page.
        var route = this.routes[0];
        //Check each route
        for (var routeIndex = 0; routeIndex < this.routes.length; routeIndex++) {
            var routeToTest = this.routes[routeIndex];
            if (routeToTest.url == hash) {
                route = routeToTest;
                break;
            }
        }
        //Run all destroy tasks
        this.scopeDestroyTasks
            .forEach(function (task) {
            task();
        });
        //Reset destroy task list
        this.scopeDestroyTasks = [];
        //Fire route callback
        route.callback.call(window);
    };
    //Register scope destroy tasks
    Router.onScopeDestroy = function (cb) {
        this.scopeDestroyTasks.push(cb);
        return this;
    };
    //Tasks to perform when view changes
    Router.scopeDestroyTasks = [];
    //Registered Routes
    Router.routes = [];
    //Listener handle for window events
    Router.listener = null;
    Router.scopeDestroyTaskID = 0;
    return Router;
}());
// ## Implementation ## //
//Router area
var appArea = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
//Start router when content is loaded
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
    Router.init();
});
//Add dashboard route
Router.addRoute("dashboard", "", (function dashboardController() {
    //Scope specific elements
    var header = document.createElement("h1");
    header.textContent = "Dashboard";
    //Return initializer function
    return function initialize() {
        //Apply route
        appArea.appendChild(header);
        //Destroy elements on exit
        Router.onScopeDestroy(dashboardExitController);
    };
    //Unloading function
    function dashboardExitController() {
        appArea.removeChild(header);
    }
})());
//Add dashboard route
Router.addRoute("dashboard", "", (function dashboardController() {
    //Scope specific elements
    var header = document.createElement("h1");
    header.textContent = "Dashboard";
    var links = document.createElement("ol");
    links.innerHTML = "<li><a href=\"#todo\">To-Do</a></li><li><a href=\"#calendar\">Calendar</a></li>";
    //Return initializer function
    return function initialize() {
        //Apply route
        appArea.appendChild(header);
        appArea.appendChild(links);
        //Destroy elements on exit
        Router.onScopeDestroy(dashboardExitController);
    };
    //Unloading function
    function dashboardExitController() {
        appArea.removeChild(header);
        appArea.removeChild(links);
    }
})());
//Add other routes
Router.addRoutes([
    {
        name: "todo",
        url: "todo",
        callback: (function todoController() {
            //Scope specific elements
            var header = document.createElement("h1");
            header.textContent = "To-do";
            var links = document.createElement("ol");
            links.innerHTML = "<li><a href=\"#\">Dashboard</a></li><li><a href=\"#calendar\">Calendar</a></li>";
            //Return initializer function
            return function initialize() {
                //Apply route
                appArea.appendChild(header);
                appArea.appendChild(links);
                //Destroy elements on exit
                Router.onScopeDestroy(todoExitController);
            };
            //Unloading function
            function todoExitController() {
                appArea.removeChild(header);
                appArea.removeChild(links);
            }
        })()
    },
    {
        name: "calendar",
        url: "calendar",
        callback: (function calendarController() {
            //Scope specific elements
            var header = document.createElement("h1");
            header.textContent = "Calendar";
            var links = document.createElement("ol");
            links.innerHTML = "<li><a href=\"#\">Dashboard</a></li><li><a href=\"#todo\">To-Do</a></li>";
            //Return initializer function
            return function initialize() {
                //Apply route
                appArea.appendChild(header);
                appArea.appendChild(links);
                //Destroy elements on exit
                Router.onScopeDestroy(calendarExitController);
            };
            //Unloading function
            function calendarExitController() {
                appArea.removeChild(header);
                appArea.removeChild(links);
            }
        })()
    }
]);


1
投票

您可以使用navigo或通过看看其他人在做什么来进行头脑风暴。

远离 React/Angular 的另一个选择是使用 sapper,您可以从 there 进行真正具有启发性的框架比较。

在我看来,路由器应该是通用的,不仅可以显示/隐藏应用程序的现有部分,还可以向服务器发送请求并接收用于页面包含的ajax响应;这样,对

/eshop/phones/samsung
的请求应该发出 ajax 请求,并在像
<div id="eshop">
这样的节点处包含 html 代码。这样我们就需要:

1) 一个 url 处理程序,可阻止所有

clicks
并重新格式化浏览器路径和

2)回调,如何处理

仅此而已!

SEO是通过将完全相同的url与实际缓存页面映射来实现的;此类 url 是路由器处理的子集,因为某些(如上面的)会生成动态构建的页面。

从网络机器人动态构建页面的角度来看,需要js代码才能运行,路由器+支持代码(机器人可以运行js,但即使如此,路径也只是从参数转换为路径构建的数千个路径之一,因此无法用于索引,但应该可用于书签!)。

现在你在路由器之上有了一个 SEO + 书签功能,这很难从 Angular 中获得(这太复杂了,当一个应用程序完成后,你根本不知道如何将它重用到另一个项目中!)。

最终,这样的路由器会镜像一个服务器,用于缓存页面的 url + 动态构建页面部分的 url,它是最小的,并且结合了两个世界:SPA 和服务器呈现的页面。

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