如何在 SQL Server 中将字符串中每个单词的第一个字母大写?
来自 http://www.sql-server-helper.com/functions/initcap.aspx
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[InitCap] ( @InputString varchar(4000) )
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Index INT
DECLARE @Char CHAR(1)
DECLARE @PrevChar CHAR(1)
DECLARE @OutputString VARCHAR(255)
SET @OutputString = LOWER(@InputString)
SET @Index = 1
WHILE @Index <= LEN(@InputString)
BEGIN
SET @Char = SUBSTRING(@InputString, @Index, 1)
SET @PrevChar = CASE WHEN @Index = 1 THEN ' '
ELSE SUBSTRING(@InputString, @Index - 1, 1)
END
IF @PrevChar IN (' ', ';', ':', '!', '?', ',', '.', '_', '-', '/', '&', '''', '(')
BEGIN
IF @PrevChar != '''' OR UPPER(@Char) != 'S'
SET @OutputString = STUFF(@OutputString, @Index, 1, UPPER(@Char))
END
SET @Index = @Index + 1
END
RETURN @OutputString
END
GO
这里有一个更简单/更小的一个(但如果任何行没有空格,则不起作用,“传递给 RIGHT 函数的长度参数无效。”):
作为表值函数:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.InitCap(@v AS VARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
WITH a AS (
SELECT (
SELECT UPPER(LEFT(value, 1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(value, 2, LEN(value))) AS 'data()'
FROM string_split(@v, ' ')
ORDER BY CHARINDEX(value,@v)
FOR XML PATH (''), TYPE) ret)
SELECT CAST(a.ret AS varchar(MAX)) ret from a
GO
请注意,
string_split
需要COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL
130。
建议的函数工作正常,但是,如果您不想创建任何函数,我就是这样做的:
select ID,Name
,string_agg(concat(upper(substring(value,1,1)),lower(substring(value,2,len(value)-1))),' ') as ModifiedName
from Table_Customer
cross apply String_Split(replace(trim(Name),' ',' '),' ')
where Name is not null
group by ID,Name;
上面的查询按空格(' ')分割单词并创建不同的行,每行都有一个子字符串,然后将每个子字符串的第一个字母转换为大写字母,并保留保留为小写字母。最后一步是根据键进行字符串聚合。
我已经使用了一段时间的版本的一个变体是:
CREATE FUNCTION [widget].[properCase](@string varchar(8000)) RETURNS varchar(8000) AS
BEGIN
SET @string = LOWER(@string)
DECLARE @i INT
SET @i = ASCII('a')
WHILE @i <= ASCII('z')
BEGIN
SET @string = REPLACE( @string, ' ' + CHAR(@i), ' ' + CHAR(@i-32))
SET @i = @i + 1
END
SET @string = CHAR(ASCII(LEFT(@string, 1))-32) + RIGHT(@string, LEN(@string)-1)
RETURN @string
END
如果您愿意,您可以轻松修改以处理除空格之外的项目后面的字符。
另一种不使用循环的解决方案 - 具有递归 CTE 的纯基于集合的方法
create function [dbo].InitCap (@value varchar(max))
returns varchar(max) as
begin
declare
@separator char(1) = ' ',
@result varchar(max) = '';
with r as (
select value, cast(null as varchar(max)) [x], cast('' as varchar(max)) [char], 0 [no] from (select rtrim(cast(@value as varchar(max))) [value]) as j
union all
select right(value, len(value)-case charindex(@separator, value) when 0 then len(value) else charindex(@separator, value) end) [value]
, left(r.[value], case charindex(@separator, r.value) when 0 then len(r.value) else abs(charindex(@separator, r.[value])-1) end ) [x]
, left(r.[value], 1)
, [no] + 1 [no]
from r where value > '')
select @result = @result +
case
when ascii([char]) between 97 and 122
then stuff(x, 1, 1, char(ascii([char])-32))
else x
end + @separator
from r where x is not null;
set @result = rtrim(@result);
return @result;
end
如果您正在 Oracle/PLSQL 中寻找同一问题的答案,那么您可以使用函数 INITCAP。下面是表 department 中属性 dname 的示例,其值包括(“销售”、“管理”、“生产”、“开发”)。
SQL> select INITCAP(dname) from department;
INITCAP(DNAME)
--------------------------------------------------
Sales
Management
Production
Development
;WITH StudentList(Name) AS (
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), 'Carl-VAN')
UNION SELECT 'Dean o''brian'
UNION SELECT 'Andrew-le-Smith'
UNION SELECT 'Eddy thompson'
UNION SELECT 'BOBs-your-Uncle'
), Student AS (
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), UPPER(LEFT(Name, 1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(Name, 2, LEN(Name)))) Name,
pos = PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', Name)
FROM StudentList
UNION ALL
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), LEFT(Name, pos) + UPPER(SUBSTRING(Name, pos + 1, 1)) + SUBSTRING(Name, pos + 2, LEN(Name))) Name,
pos = CASE WHEN PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', RIGHT(Name, LEN(Name) - pos)) = 0 THEN 0 ELSE pos + PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', RIGHT(Name, LEN(Name) - pos)) END
FROM Student
WHERE pos > 0
)
SELECT Name
FROM Student
WHERE pos = 0
ORDER BY Name
这将导致:
使用基于递归 CTE 集的查询应该胜过执行程序 while 循环查询。 在这里,我还将我的分隔符设置为 3 个不同的字符 [-' ],而不是 1 个更高级的示例。像我一样使用 PATINDEX 可以让我查找许多字符。您还可以在单个字符上使用 CHARINDEX,并且此函数除了第三个参数 StartFromPosition 之外,因此我可以进一步简化 pos 公式递归的第二部分(假设有空格): pos = CHARINDEX(' ', Name, pos + 1).
fname 是列名,如果 fname 值为 akhil,则 UPPER(left(fname,1)) 提供大写第一个字母 (A) 和子字符串函数 SUBSTRING(fname,2,LEN(fname)) 提供(khil) 使用 + then 连接两者结果是(Akhil)
select UPPER(left(fname,1))+SUBSTRING(fname,2,LEN(fname)) as fname
FROM [dbo].[akhil]
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[Capitalize](@text NVARCHAR(MAX)) RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @result NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';
DECLARE @c NVARCHAR(1);
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
DECLARE @isPrevSpace BIT = 1;
WHILE @i <= LEN(@text)
BEGIN
SET @c = SUBSTRING(@text, @i, 1);
SET @result += IIF(@isPrevSpace = 1, UPPER(@c), LOWER(@c));
SET @isPrevSpace = IIF(@c LIKE '[ -]', 1, 0);
SET @i += 1;
END
RETURN @result;
END
GO
DECLARE @sentence NVARCHAR(100) = N'i-thINK-this soLUTION-works-LiKe-a charm';
PRINT dbo.Capitalize(@sentence);
-- I-Think-This Solution-Works-Like-A Charm
BEGIN
DECLARE @string varchar(100) = 'asdsadsd asdad asd'
DECLARE @ResultString varchar(200) = ''
DECLARE @index int = 1
DECLARE @flag bit = 0
DECLARE @temp varchar(2) = ''
WHILE (@Index <LEN(@string)+1)
BEGIN
SET @temp = SUBSTRING(@string, @Index-1, 1)
--select @temp
IF @temp = ' ' OR @index = 1
BEGIN
SET @ResultString = @ResultString + UPPER(SUBSTRING(@string, @Index, 1))
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @ResultString = @ResultString + LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @Index, 1))
END
SET @Index = @Index+ 1--increase the index
END
SELECT @ResultString
END
在 SQL Server 2016+ 上,使用 JSON 来保证单词的顺序:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[InitCap](@Text NVARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN STUFF((
SELECT ' ' + UPPER(LEFT(s.value,1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(s.value,2,LEN(s.value)))
FROM OPENJSON('["' + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@Text,'\','\\'),'"','\"'),CHAR(9),'\t'),CHAR(10),'\n'),' ','","') + '"]') s
ORDER BY s.[key]
FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE).value('(./text())[1]','NVARCHAR(MAX)'),1,1,'');
END
这是最简单的一句话:
SELECT LEFT(column, 1)+ lower(RIGHT(column, len(column)-1) ) FROM [tablename]
我正在寻找最好的资本化方法,我重新创建了简单的 sql 脚本
如何使用 SELECT dbo.Capitalyze('这是一个包含多个空格的测试')
结果“这是一个具有多个空间的测试”
CREATE FUNCTION Capitalyze(@input varchar(100) )
returns varchar(100)
as
begin
declare @index int=0
declare @char as varchar(1)=' '
declare @prevCharIsSpace as bit=1
declare @Result as varchar(100)=''
set @input=UPPER(LEFT(@input,1))+LOWER(SUBSTRING(@input, 2, LEN(@input)))
set @index=PATINDEX('% _%',@input)
if @index=0
set @index=len(@input)
set @Result=substring(@input,0,@index+1)
WHILE (@index < len(@input))
BEGIN
SET @index = @index + 1
SET @char=substring(@input,@index,1)
if (@prevCharIsSpace=1)
begin
set @char=UPPER(@char)
if (@char=' ')
set @char=''
end
if (@char=' ')
set @prevCharIsSpace=1
else
set @prevCharIsSpace=0
set @Result=@Result+@char
--print @Result
END
--print @Result
return @Result
end
IF OBJECT_ID ('dbo.fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION dbo.fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter] (@string NVARCHAR(MAX), @delimiter NCHAR(1), @new_delimeter NCHAR(1))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @result NVARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @result = '';
IF (LEN(@string) > 0)
DECLARE @curr INT
DECLARE @next INT
BEGIN
SELECT @curr = 1
SELECT @next = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string)
WHILE (LEN(@string) > 0)
BEGIN
SELECT @result =
@result +
CASE WHEN LEN(@result) > 0 THEN @new_delimeter ELSE '' END +
UPPER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr, 1)) +
CASE
WHEN @next <> 0
THEN LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr+1, @next-2))
ELSE LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr+1, LEN(@string)-@curr))
END
IF (@next > 0)
BEGIN
SELECT @string = SUBSTRING(@string, @next+1, LEN(@string)-@next)
SELECT @next = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string)
END
ELSE
SELECT @string = ''
END
END
RETURN @result
END
GO