如何在 SQL Server 中将字符串中每个单词的首字母大写

问题描述 投票:0回答:15

如何在 SQL Server 中将字符串中每个单词的第一个字母大写?

sql sql-server string
15个回答
92
投票

来自 http://www.sql-server-helper.com/functions/initcap.aspx

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[InitCap] ( @InputString varchar(4000) ) 
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
AS
BEGIN

DECLARE @Index          INT
DECLARE @Char           CHAR(1)
DECLARE @PrevChar       CHAR(1)
DECLARE @OutputString   VARCHAR(255)

SET @OutputString = LOWER(@InputString)
SET @Index = 1

WHILE @Index <= LEN(@InputString)
BEGIN
    SET @Char     = SUBSTRING(@InputString, @Index, 1)
    SET @PrevChar = CASE WHEN @Index = 1 THEN ' '
                         ELSE SUBSTRING(@InputString, @Index - 1, 1)
                    END

    IF @PrevChar IN (' ', ';', ':', '!', '?', ',', '.', '_', '-', '/', '&', '''', '(')
    BEGIN
        IF @PrevChar != '''' OR UPPER(@Char) != 'S'
            SET @OutputString = STUFF(@OutputString, @Index, 1, UPPER(@Char))
    END

    SET @Index = @Index + 1
END

RETURN @OutputString

END
GO

这里有一个更简单/更小的一个(但如果任何行没有空格,则不起作用,“传递给 RIGHT 函数的长度参数无效。”):

http://www.devx.com/tips/Tip/17608


5
投票

作为表值函数:

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.InitCap(@v AS VARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN 
WITH a AS (
    SELECT (
        SELECT UPPER(LEFT(value, 1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(value, 2, LEN(value))) AS 'data()'
        FROM string_split(@v, ' ')
        ORDER BY CHARINDEX(value,@v)
        FOR XML PATH (''), TYPE) ret)

SELECT CAST(a.ret AS varchar(MAX)) ret from a
GO

请注意,

string_split
需要
COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL
130。


3
投票

建议的函数工作正常,但是,如果您不想创建任何函数,我就是这样做的:

select ID,Name
,string_agg(concat(upper(substring(value,1,1)),lower(substring(value,2,len(value)-1))),' ') as ModifiedName 
from Table_Customer 
cross apply String_Split(replace(trim(Name),'  ',' '),' ')
where Name is not null
group by ID,Name;

上面的查询按空格(' ')分割单词并创建不同的行,每行都有一个子字符串,然后将每个子字符串的第一个字母转换为大写字母,并保留保留为小写字母。最后一步是根据键进行字符串聚合。


2
投票

我已经使用了一段时间的版本的一个变体是:

CREATE FUNCTION [widget].[properCase](@string varchar(8000)) RETURNS varchar(8000) AS
BEGIN   
    SET @string = LOWER(@string)
    DECLARE @i INT
    SET @i = ASCII('a')
    WHILE @i <= ASCII('z')
    BEGIN
        SET @string = REPLACE( @string, ' ' + CHAR(@i), ' ' + CHAR(@i-32))
        SET @i = @i + 1
    END
    SET @string = CHAR(ASCII(LEFT(@string, 1))-32) + RIGHT(@string, LEN(@string)-1)
    RETURN @string
END

如果您愿意,您可以轻松修改以处理除空格之外的项目后面的字符。


2
投票

另一种不使用循环的解决方案 - 具有递归 CTE 的纯基于集合的方法

create function [dbo].InitCap (@value varchar(max))
returns varchar(max) as
begin

    declare
        @separator char(1) = ' ',
        @result varchar(max) = '';

    with r as (
        select value, cast(null as varchar(max)) [x], cast('' as varchar(max)) [char], 0 [no] from (select rtrim(cast(@value as varchar(max))) [value]) as j
        union all
        select right(value, len(value)-case charindex(@separator, value) when 0 then len(value) else charindex(@separator, value) end) [value]
        , left(r.[value], case charindex(@separator, r.value) when 0 then len(r.value) else abs(charindex(@separator, r.[value])-1) end ) [x]
        , left(r.[value], 1)
        , [no] + 1 [no]
        from r where value > '')

    select @result = @result +
    case
        when ascii([char]) between 97 and 122 
            then stuff(x, 1, 1, char(ascii([char])-32))
        else x
    end + @separator
    from r where x is not null;

    set @result = rtrim(@result);

    return @result;
end

2
投票

如果您正在 Oracle/PLSQL 中寻找同一问题的答案,那么您可以使用函数 INITCAP。下面是表 department 中属性 dname 的示例,其值包括(“销售”、“管理”、“生产”、“开发”)。

SQL> select INITCAP(dname) from department;

INITCAP(DNAME)
--------------------------------------------------
Sales
Management
Production
Development

2
投票
;WITH StudentList(Name) AS (
      SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), 'Carl-VAN')
UNION SELECT 'Dean o''brian'
UNION SELECT 'Andrew-le-Smith'
UNION SELECT 'Eddy thompson'
UNION SELECT 'BOBs-your-Uncle'
), Student AS (
    SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), UPPER(LEFT(Name, 1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(Name, 2, LEN(Name)))) Name, 
           pos = PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', Name)
    FROM StudentList
    UNION ALL
    SELECT CONVERT(varchar(50), LEFT(Name, pos) + UPPER(SUBSTRING(Name, pos + 1, 1)) + SUBSTRING(Name, pos + 2, LEN(Name))) Name, 
           pos = CASE WHEN PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', RIGHT(Name, LEN(Name) - pos)) = 0 THEN 0 ELSE pos + PATINDEX('%[-'' ]%', RIGHT(Name, LEN(Name) - pos)) END
    FROM Student
    WHERE pos > 0
)
SELECT Name
FROM Student 
WHERE pos = 0
ORDER BY Name 

这将导致:

  • 安德鲁·勒·史密斯
  • 鲍勃-你的叔叔
  • 卡尔-范
  • 迪恩·奥布莱恩
  • 艾迪·汤普森

使用基于递归 CTE 集的查询应该胜过执行程序 while 循环查询。 在这里,我还将我的分隔符设置为 3 个不同的字符 [-' ],而不是 1 个更高级的示例。像我一样使用 PATINDEX 可以让我查找许多字符。您还可以在单个字符上使用 CHARINDEX,并且此函数除了第三个参数 StartFromPosition 之外,因此我可以进一步简化 pos 公式递归的第二部分(假设有空格): pos = CHARINDEX(' ', Name, pos + 1).


1
投票

fname 是列名,如果 fname 值为 akhil,则 UPPER(left(fname,1)) 提供大写第一个字母 (A) 和子字符串函数 SUBSTRING(fname,2,LEN(fname)) 提供(khil) 使用 + then 连接两者结果是(Akhil)

select UPPER(left(fname,1))+SUBSTRING(fname,2,LEN(fname)) as fname
FROM [dbo].[akhil]

1
投票
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[Capitalize](@text NVARCHAR(MAX)) RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX) AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @result NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';
    DECLARE @c NVARCHAR(1);
    DECLARE @i INT = 1;
    DECLARE @isPrevSpace BIT = 1;

    WHILE @i <= LEN(@text)
    BEGIN
        SET @c = SUBSTRING(@text, @i, 1);
        SET @result += IIF(@isPrevSpace = 1, UPPER(@c), LOWER(@c));
        SET @isPrevSpace = IIF(@c LIKE '[    -]', 1, 0);
        SET @i += 1;
    END
    RETURN @result;
END
GO

DECLARE @sentence NVARCHAR(100) = N'i-thINK-this    soLUTION-works-LiKe-a charm';
PRINT dbo.Capitalize(@sentence);
-- I-Think-This Solution-Works-Like-A Charm

1
投票
BEGIN
DECLARE @string varchar(100) = 'asdsadsd asdad asd'
DECLARE @ResultString varchar(200) = ''
DECLARE @index int = 1
DECLARE @flag bit = 0
DECLARE @temp varchar(2) = ''
WHILE (@Index <LEN(@string)+1)
    BEGIN
        SET @temp = SUBSTRING(@string, @Index-1, 1)
        --select @temp
        IF @temp = ' ' OR @index = 1
            BEGIN
                SET @ResultString = @ResultString + UPPER(SUBSTRING(@string, @Index, 1))
            END
        ELSE
            BEGIN
                
                SET @ResultString = @ResultString + LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @Index, 1)) 
            END 

        SET @Index = @Index+ 1--increase the index
    END
SELECT @ResultString
END

1
投票

它可以像这样简单:

DECLARE @Name VARCHAR(500) = 'Roger';

SELECT @Name AS Name, UPPER(LEFT(@Name, 1)) + SUBSTRING(@Name, 2, LEN(@Name)) AS CapitalizedName;

enter image description here


0
投票

SQL Server 2016+ 上,使用 JSON 来保证单词的顺序:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[InitCap](@Text NVARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
    RETURN STUFF((
        SELECT ' ' + UPPER(LEFT(s.value,1)) + LOWER(SUBSTRING(s.value,2,LEN(s.value)))
        FROM OPENJSON('["' + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@Text,'\','\\'),'"','\"'),CHAR(9),'\t'),CHAR(10),'\n'),' ','","') + '"]') s
        ORDER BY s.[key]
    FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE).value('(./text())[1]','NVARCHAR(MAX)'),1,1,'');
END

0
投票

这是最简单的一句话:

SELECT LEFT(column, 1)+ lower(RIGHT(column, len(column)-1) ) FROM [tablename]

0
投票

我正在寻找最好的资本化方法,我重新创建了简单的 sql 脚本

如何使用 SELECT dbo.Capitalyze('这是一个包含多个空格的测试')

结果“这是一个具有多个空间的测试”

CREATE FUNCTION Capitalyze(@input varchar(100) )
    returns varchar(100)
as
begin
    
    declare @index int=0
    declare @char as varchar(1)=' '
    declare @prevCharIsSpace as bit=1
    declare @Result as varchar(100)=''

    set @input=UPPER(LEFT(@input,1))+LOWER(SUBSTRING(@input, 2, LEN(@input)))
    set @index=PATINDEX('% _%',@input)
    if @index=0
        set @index=len(@input)
    set @Result=substring(@input,0,@index+1)

    WHILE (@index < len(@input))
    BEGIN
        SET @index = @index + 1
        SET @char=substring(@input,@index,1)
        if (@prevCharIsSpace=1)
        begin
            set @char=UPPER(@char)
            if (@char=' ')
                set @char=''
        end

        if (@char=' ')
            set @prevCharIsSpace=1
        else
            set @prevCharIsSpace=0

        set @Result=@Result+@char
        --print @Result
    END
    --print @Result
    return @Result
end

-1
投票
IF OBJECT_ID ('dbo.fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter') IS NOT NULL
    DROP FUNCTION dbo.fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fnCapitalizeFirstLetterAndChangeDelimiter] (@string NVARCHAR(MAX), @delimiter NCHAR(1), @new_delimeter NCHAR(1))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS 
BEGIN
    DECLARE @result NVARCHAR(MAX)
    SELECT @result = '';
    IF (LEN(@string) > 0)
        DECLARE @curr INT
        DECLARE @next INT
        BEGIN
            SELECT @curr = 1
            SELECT @next = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string)
            WHILE (LEN(@string) > 0)
                BEGIN
                    SELECT @result = 
                        @result + 
                        CASE WHEN LEN(@result) > 0 THEN @new_delimeter ELSE '' END +
                        UPPER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr, 1)) + 
                        CASE 
                            WHEN @next <> 0 
                            THEN LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr+1, @next-2))
                            ELSE LOWER(SUBSTRING(@string, @curr+1, LEN(@string)-@curr))
                        END
                    IF (@next > 0)
                        BEGIN
                            SELECT @string = SUBSTRING(@string, @next+1, LEN(@string)-@next)
                            SELECT @next = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string)
                        END
                    ELSE
                        SELECT @string = ''
                END
        END
    RETURN @result
END
GO
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