我刚开始使用 Java,但我以前有一些使用 C# 的经验。我遇到的问题是从控制台读取用户输入。
我遇到了这部分代码的“java.util.NoSuchElementException”错误:
payment = sc.next(); // PromptCustomerPayment function
我有两个获取用户输入的函数:
如果我不调用 PromptCustomerQty 那么我就不会得到这个错误,这让我相信我在扫描仪上做错了什么。下面是我的完整代码示例。感谢您的帮助。
public static void main (String[] args) {
// Create a customer
// Future proofing the possabiltiies of multiple customers
Customer customer = new Customer("Will");
// Create object for each Product
// (Name,Code,Description,Price)
// Initalize Qty at 0
Product Computer = new Product("Computer","PC1003","Basic Computer",399.99);
Product Monitor = new Product("Monitor","MN1003","LCD Monitor",99.99);
Product Printer = new Product("Printer","PR1003x","Inkjet Printer",54.23);
// Define internal variables
// ## DONT CHANGE
ArrayList<Product> ProductList = new ArrayList<Product>(); // List to store Products
String formatString = "%-15s %-10s %-20s %-10s %-10s %n"; // Default format for output
// Add objects to list
ProductList.add(Computer);
ProductList.add(Monitor);
ProductList.add(Printer);
// Ask users for quantities
PromptCustomerQty(customer, ProductList);
// Ask user for payment method
PromptCustomerPayment(customer);
// Create the header
PrintHeader(customer, formatString);
// Create Body
PrintBody(ProductList, formatString);
}
public static void PromptCustomerQty(Customer customer, ArrayList<Product> ProductList) {
// Initiate a Scanner
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
// **** VARIABLES ****
int qty = 0;
// Greet Customer
System.out.println("Hello " + customer.getName());
// Loop through each item and ask for qty desired
for (Product p : ProductList) {
do {
// Ask user for qty
System.out.println("How many would you like for product: " + p.name);
System.out.print("> ");
// Get input and set qty for the object
qty = scan.nextInt();
}
while (qty < 0); // Validation
p.setQty(qty); // Set qty for object
qty = 0; // Reset count
}
// Cleanup
scan.close();
}
public static void PromptCustomerPayment (Customer customer) {
// Initiate Scanner
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
// Variables
String payment = "";
// Prompt User
do {
System.out.println("Would you like to pay in full? [Yes/No]");
System.out.print("> ");
payment = sc.next();
} while ((!payment.toLowerCase().equals("yes")) && (!payment.toLowerCase().equals("no")));
// Check/set result
if (payment.toLowerCase().equals("yes")) {
customer.setPaidInFull(true);
}
else {
customer.setPaidInFull(false);
}
// Cleanup
sc.close();
}
这真的让我困惑了一段时间,但这是我最后发现的。
当您在第一种方法中调用
sc.close()
时,它不仅会关闭您的扫描仪,还会关闭您的System.in
输入流。您可以通过在第二种方法的最顶部打印其状态来验证它:
System.out.println(System.in.available());
所以,现在当你重新实例化时,
Scanner
在第二种方法中,它没有找到任何打开的 System.in
流,因此是异常。
我怀疑是否有任何办法重新开放
System.in
因为:
public void close() throws IOException --> Closes this input stream and releases any system resources associated with this stream. The general contract of close is that it closes the input stream. A closed stream cannot perform input operations and **cannot be reopened.**
您的问题唯一好的解决方案是在您的主要方法中启动
Scanner
,将其作为参数传递给您的两个方法,然后在您的主要方法中再次关闭它,例如:
main
方法相关代码块:
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
// Ask users for quantities
PromptCustomerQty(customer, ProductList, scanner );
// Ask user for payment method
PromptCustomerPayment(customer, scanner );
//close the scanner
scanner.close();
你的方法:
public static void PromptCustomerQty(Customer customer,
ArrayList<Product> ProductList, Scanner scanner) {
// no more scanner instantiation
...
// no more scanner close
}
public static void PromptCustomerPayment (Customer customer, Scanner sc) {
// no more scanner instantiation
...
// no more scanner close
}
希望这能让您对失败和可能的解决方案有所了解。
问题是
当扫描仪关闭时,如果源实现了 Closeable 接口,它将关闭其输入源。
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/Scanner.html
因此
scan.close()
关闭System.in
.
要修复它,您可以制作
Scanner scan
static
并且不要在 PromptCustomerQty 中关闭它。下面的代码有效。
public static void main (String[] args) {
// Create a customer
// Future proofing the possabiltiies of multiple customers
Customer customer = new Customer("Will");
// Create object for each Product
// (Name,Code,Description,Price)
// Initalize Qty at 0
Product Computer = new Product("Computer","PC1003","Basic Computer",399.99);
Product Monitor = new Product("Monitor","MN1003","LCD Monitor",99.99);
Product Printer = new Product("Printer","PR1003x","Inkjet Printer",54.23);
// Define internal variables
// ## DONT CHANGE
ArrayList<Product> ProductList = new ArrayList<Product>(); // List to store Products
String formatString = "%-15s %-10s %-20s %-10s %-10s %n"; // Default format for output
// Add objects to list
ProductList.add(Computer);
ProductList.add(Monitor);
ProductList.add(Printer);
// Ask users for quantities
PromptCustomerQty(customer, ProductList);
// Ask user for payment method
PromptCustomerPayment(customer);
// Create the header
PrintHeader(customer, formatString);
// Create Body
PrintBody(ProductList, formatString);
}
static Scanner scan;
public static void PromptCustomerQty(Customer customer, ArrayList<Product> ProductList) {
// Initiate a Scanner
scan = new Scanner(System.in);
// **** VARIABLES ****
int qty = 0;
// Greet Customer
System.out.println("Hello " + customer.getName());
// Loop through each item and ask for qty desired
for (Product p : ProductList) {
do {
// Ask user for qty
System.out.println("How many would you like for product: " + p.name);
System.out.print("> ");
// Get input and set qty for the object
qty = scan.nextInt();
}
while (qty < 0); // Validation
p.setQty(qty); // Set qty for object
qty = 0; // Reset count
}
// Cleanup
}
public static void PromptCustomerPayment (Customer customer) {
// Variables
String payment = "";
// Prompt User
do {
System.out.println("Would you like to pay in full? [Yes/No]");
System.out.print("> ");
payment = scan.next();
} while ((!payment.toLowerCase().equals("yes")) && (!payment.toLowerCase().equals("no")));
// Check/set result
if (payment.toLowerCase() == "yes") {
customer.setPaidInFull(true);
}
else {
customer.setPaidInFull(false);
}
}
附带说明,您不应该使用
==
进行字符串比较,而应使用 .equals
。
您需要删除扫描仪关闭线:
scan.close();
以前发生在我身上,这就是原因。
已经解释了异常的原因,但是建议的解决方案并不是最好的。
您应该创建一个使用单例模式将扫描器保持为私有的类,这使得该扫描器在您的代码中独一无二。
然后你可以实现你需要的方法,或者你可以创建一个 getScanner(不推荐),你可以用一个私有布尔值来控制它,比如 alreadyClosed。
如果你不知道如何使用单例模式,这里有一个例子:
public class Reader {
private Scanner reader;
private static Reader singleton = null;
private boolean alreadyClosed;
private Reader() {
alreadyClosed = false;
reader = new Scanner(System.in);
}
public static Reader getInstance() {
if(singleton == null) {
singleton = new Reader();
}
return singleton;
}
public int nextInt() throws AlreadyClosedException {
if(!alreadyClosed) {
return reader.nextInt();
}
throw new AlreadyClosedException(); //Custom exception
}
public double nextDouble() throws AlreadyClosedException {
if(!alreadyClosed) {
return reader.nextDouble();
}
throw new AlreadyClosedException();
}
public String nextLine() throws AlreadyClosedException {
if(!alreadyClosed) {
return reader.nextLine();
}
throw new AlreadyClosedException();
}
public void close() {
alreadyClosed = true;
reader.close();
}
}
对于在 HackerRank 等网站上参加在线考试时到达这里的任何人-
如果您尝试通过单击按钮使用自定义输入执行 main() 来测试您的(可能)完美的代码,您可能会收到此消息。
在这种情况下,您需要单击另一个按钮,例如“运行单元测试”。您可能只会被评估代码是否通过了他们编写的单元测试——而不是您重构代码以减少 LOC 的能力或您的编码风格。
发现这个线程是因为我遇到了同样的问题。从这里找到原因后,我发现一个有用的方法是将单独的扫描器对象用于不同的用途(因为如果使用单个扫描器对象进行多个输入会出现错误),然后在所有扫描器对象关闭时关闭所有扫描器对象扫描仪对象已完成使用。使代码更清晰,之后没有遇到任何问题。