有没有一种方法可以使用带有默认字段和__slots__的数据类

Question

我想将

__slots__

放在具有默认字段的数据类上。当我尝试这样做时，我收到此错误：

>>> @dataclass
... class C:
...     __slots__ = ('x', 'y', )
...     x: int
...     y: int = 1
...     
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: 'y' in __slots__ conflicts with class variable

有没有办法实现这个目标？

Answer 1

有，通过使用 ericvsmith 的 @add_slots 装饰器：

import dataclasses

def add_slots(cls):
    # Need to create a new class, since we can't set __slots__
    #  after a class has been created.

    # Make sure __slots__ isn't already set.
    if '__slots__' in cls.__dict__:
        raise TypeError(f'{cls.__name__} already specifies __slots__')

    # Create a new dict for our new class.
    cls_dict = dict(cls.__dict__)
    field_names = tuple(f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(cls))
    cls_dict['__slots__'] = field_names
    for field_name in field_names:
        # Remove our attributes, if present. They'll still be
        #  available in _MARKER.
        cls_dict.pop(field_name, None)
    # Remove __dict__ itself.
    cls_dict.pop('__dict__', None)
    # And finally create the class.
    qualname = getattr(cls, '__qualname__', None)
    cls = type(cls)(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, cls_dict)
    if qualname is not None:
        cls.__qualname__ = qualname
    return cls

用途：

>>> @add_slots
... @dataclass
... class C:
...     __slots__ = ('x', 'y', )
...     x: int
...     y: int = 1

只要

没有默认值，就可以手动添加 __slots__。您可以在这里找到相关的Github问题

Answer 2

从 Python 3.10 开始，您可以启用

slots

参数到 dataclass 装饰器

>>> from dataclasses import dataclass
>>> 
>>> @dataclass(slots=True)
... class C:
...     x: int
...     y: int = 1
... 
>>> C.__slots__
('x', 'y')