无法为我的 JUnit 测试加载 ApplicationContext

Question

我按照一篇关于 JUnit 测试的文章为我的用户模型编写了一个 JUnit 测试：

import dev.cv.taskmasterserver.entity.User;
import dev.cv.taskmasterserver.repository.UserRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;

@DataJpaTest
public class UserServiceImplAnotherTest {
  @Autowiredprivate UserRepository userRepository;

  private User testUser;

  @BeforeEach
  public void setUp() {
    // Initialize test data before each test method
    testUser = new User()
            .setUsername("johnDoe123")
            .setFirstName("John")
            .setLastName("Doe")
            .setPassword("f823hfas");
    userRepository.save(testUser);
  }

  @AfterEach
  public void tearDown() {
    // Release test data after each test method
    userRepository.delete(testUser);
  }

  @Test
  public void givenUser_whenSaved_thenCanBeFoundById() {
    User savedUser = userRepository.findById(testUser.getId()).orElse(null);
    assertNotNull(savedUser);
    assertEquals(testUser.getUsername(), savedUser.getUsername());
    assertEquals(testUser.getPassword(), savedUser.getPassword());
  }
}

当我运行测试时，出现以下错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext for [MergedContextConfiguration@25aeb5ac testClass = dev.francisbernas.taskmasterserver.service.UserServiceImplAnotherTest, locations = [], classes = [dev.francisbernas.taskmasterserver.TaskMasterServerApplication], contextInitializerClasses = [], activeProfiles = [], propertySourceDescriptors = [], propertySourceProperties = ["org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper=true"], contextCustomizers = [[ImportsContextCustomizer@c755b2 key = [org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManagerAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sql.init.SqlInitializationAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcClientAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration]], org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@23941fb4, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@5d908d47, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.OverrideAutoConfigurationContextCustomizerFactory$DisableAutoConfigurationContextCustomizer@7d322cad, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.actuate.observability.ObservabilityContextCustomizerFactory$DisableObservabilityContextCustomizer@1f, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.filter.TypeExcludeFiltersContextCustomizer@34be3d80, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@f0395ca5, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizer@4b86805d, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestAnnotation@5be093d3], contextLoader = org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader, parent = null]

我尝试添加注释@SpringBootTest，但它导致了不同的错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [dev.francisbernas.taskmasterserver.service.UserServiceImplAnotherTest]: [@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.class), @org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper.class)]

Answer 1

1. 通过在

   @Autowired

   和

   private

   之间添加空格来确保代码格式正确：

 @Autowired
 private UserRepository userRepository;

2. 用

   @DataJpaTest

   注释的测试是事务性的，并在每次测试结束时回滚，利用嵌入式内存数据库。如果遇到异常，请考虑指定内存数据库，例如

   application.yml

   中的H2。或者，为了更好地处理测试，请使用

   @ActiveProfiles(value = "test")

   。

使用单独的数据库进行测试时，将

@ActiveProfiles(value = "test")

应用于测试类，该测试类将从

src/main/resources/application-test.yml

加载数据库配置。确保创建此文件并将测试数据库配置添加为普通 Spring 数据源配置。

示例

application-test.yml

内容：

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookdb
    username: USERNAME
    password: PASSWORD

3. 此外，指定活动配置文件配置不被其他数据库配置替换。在测试类上使用

   @AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)

   。

精炼代码示例：

@DataJpaTest
@ActiveProfiles(value = "test")
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
public class UserServiceImplAnotherTest {
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    private User testUser;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() { 
        testUser = new User()
                .setUsername("johnDoe123")
                .setFirstName("John")
                .setLastName("Doe")
                .setPassword("f823hfas");
        userRepository.save(testUser);
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void tearDown() {
        userRepository.delete(testUser);
    }

    @Test
    public void givenUser_whenSaved_thenCanBeFoundById() {
        User savedUser = userRepository.findById(testUser.getId()).orElse(null);
        assertNotNull(savedUser);
        assertEquals(testUser.getUsername(), savedUser.getUsername());
        assertEquals(testUser.getPassword(), savedUser.getPassword());
    }
}

有关

@DataJpaTest

的更多信息，请参阅 Spring Boot 文档。