我的一个 Django 应用程序单元测试失败了
DatabaseError: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
我想查看导致此错误的实际 SQL 查询。你知道如何实现这一目标吗?
另一种选择是使用
CaptureQueriesContext
(使用 pytest
进行测试)。
from django.db import connection
from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
def test_foo():
with CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as ctx:
# code that runs SQL queries
print(ctx.captured_queries)
来源:
如果您想打印/记录测试中的所有 SQL 查询,请尝试像这样子类化
TestCase
:
from django.conf import settings
from django.template import Template, Context
import sys
from django.db import connection
from django.test import TestCase
class LoggingTestCase(TestCase):
@staticmethod
def setUpClass():
# The test runner sets DEBUG to False. Set to True to enable SQL logging.
settings.DEBUG = True
super(LoggingTestCase, LoggingTestCase).setUpClass()
@staticmethod
def tearDownClass():
super(LoggingTestCase, LoggingTestCase).tearDownClass()
time = sum([float(q['time']) for q in connection.queries])
t = Template("{{count}} quer{{count|pluralize:\"y,ies\"}} in {{time}} seconds:\n\n{% for sql in sqllog %}[{{forloop.counter}}] {{sql.time}}s: {{sql.sql|safe}}{% if not forloop.last %}\n\n{% endif %}{% endfor %}")
print >> sys.stderr, t.render(Context({'sqllog': connection.queries, 'count': len(connection.queries), 'time': time}))
# Empty the query list between TestCases.
connection.queries = []
然后使用
LoggingTestCase
而不是 TestCase
作为测试中的基类。如果您覆盖它,请记住调用它tearDownClass
。
您还可以执行以下操作来获取查询(然后例如打印它或在测试中评估它)。
其实现在你不应该改变
django.conf.settings
,所以我用override_settings
。
from django.db import connection, reset_queries
from django.test import override_settings, TransactionTestCase
class TransactionTests(TransactionTestCase):
@override_settings(DEBUG=True)
def test_sql(self):
reset_queries()
try:
# Code that uses the ORM goes here
except Exception as e:
pass
self.assertEqual(connection.queries, [])
TestCase
也可能合适,请参阅此答案中的差异。
有关 SQL 输出的详细信息,请参阅 Django 文档。
connection.execute_wrapper()
,如下所示:
from django.db import connection
def logger(execute, sql, params, many, context):
print(sql, params)
return execute(sql, params, many, context)
class GizmoTest(TestCase):
def test_with_sql_logging(self):
with connection.execute_wrapper(logger):
code_that_uses_database()
使用 Django 2.2 进行测试。
这不是最干净的解决方案,但如果您只是想快速调试而不安装额外的包,您可以在 django/db 中查找execute()方法。
对于 Oracle 我猜它在:
django/db/backends/oracle/base.py 并查找:
def execute
对于 PostgreSQL 它位于:
django/db/backends/postgresql_psycopg2/base.py
在CursorWrapper中有一个execute()方法。
两者都捕获 IntegrityError 和 DatabaseError,您可以在那里添加打印语句。
对于想要查看所有 sql 查询的人,请将 print 语句放在函数调用之后。
对于
pytest
和 pytest-django
,只需为其创建一个夹具
@pytest.fixture
def debug_queries(db):
""" Because pytest run tests with DEBUG=False
the regular query logging will not work, use this fixture instead
"""
from django.db import connection
from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
with CaptureQueriesContext(connection):
yield connection
然后在你的测试中
@pytest.mark.django_db
def test__queries(debug_queries):
# run your queries here
当然,您的日志记录配置应该启用查询日志记录,如下所示:
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'formatters': {
'standard': {
'format': '%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(message)s',
},
},
'handlers': {
'default': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'formatter': 'standard',
'stream': 'ext://sys.stdout',
},
},
'loggers': {
'django.db.backends': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'handlers': ['default'],
'propagate': False,
},
}
}
这是对我有用的解决方案(Django 3.1):
from django.test import TestCase
class TestSomething(TestCase):
@override_settings(DEBUG=True)
def test_something(self):
pass
def tearDown(self):
from django.db import connection
for query in connection.queries:
print(f"✅ {query['sql']}\n")
到目前为止我发现的最好的解决方案是 django-debugtoolbar 提供的 debugsqlshell 自定义 django 管理命令。
您可以在设置中将控制台级别更改为DEBUG。 它适用于 Django 1.9。
LOGGING = {
...
'handlers': {
'console': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'formatter': 'simple'
},
}
...
}
这里的所有选项都太复杂/太多的事情可能会出错。这适用于
django
>= 1.11+
<= 4.x
[在 main
分支上测试它](直到他们将来破坏它..)
它的工作原理是完全忽略
settings.DEBUG
并仅注入始终使用的 CursorDebugWrapper
,从而记录运行的 SQL。
import inspect
from collections import deque
from contextlib import contextmanager
from unittest import mock
from django.db import connections
from django.db.backends import utils
@contextmanager
def print_queries(using="default"):
"""
[debug] Prints out all the queries in real time
To avoid messing with django's logging and get the SQL working inside
tests where `DEBUG` can be set to `False`, this bypasses all that and
goes straight for the kill.
Example:
class TestSomething(TestCase):
def test_something(self):
with print_queries():
Model.objects.create(a=1, b=2)
def test_something():
with print_queries():
Model.objects.create(a=1, b=2)
"""
def fake_maker(self, cursor):
"""
Normally `make_cursor` uses `CursorWrapper` which does NOT debug.
"""
return utils.CursorDebugWrapper(cursor, self)
class Snitch(deque):
"""
Modified version of `deque` that `print()`s out all the items inserted to it.
"""
def append(self, item):
current_frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back
while True:
info = inspect.getframeinfo(current_frame)
if "/django/" in info.filename:
current_frame = current_frame.f_back
continue
break
print("*", item["sql"], item["time"], f"{info.filename}:{info.lineno}")
return super().append(item)
connection_ = connections[using]
mock_maker = mock.patch("django.db.backends.base.base.BaseDatabaseWrapper.make_cursor", fake_maker)
mock_deque = mock.patch.object(connection_, "queries_log", Snitch(maxlen=connection_.queries_log.maxlen))
with mock_maker, mock_deque:
yield
像这样使用它:
def test_whatever():
...
with print_queries():
Model.objects.create(a=1, b=2) # any query here
...
输出看起来像:
* SELECT .. FROM "table" WHERE ... 0.001 /full/path/file.py:136
* SELECT .. FROM "table" WHERE ... 0.001 /full/path/file.py:245
会告诉您在代码中的哪个位置进行查询。
我将几个现有的答案组合到一个实用函数中,我发现在调试单个测试时很方便:
import traceback
from django.db import connections
@contextmanager
def log_queries():
"""
Prints queries and their tracebacks when they are executed.
Usage:
with log_queries():
do_something_with_the_database()
"""
db = connections["default"]
def print_stack_in_project(
execute, sql, params, many, context
):
try:
return execute(sql, params, many, context)
finally:
query = db.queries_log[-1]
print(f"[{query['time']}] {query['sql']}")
traceback.print_stack()
print() # to separate stacks
with db.execute_wrapper(print_stack_in_project):
yield
您也可以只使用记录器
将其粘贴到您的根目录中
conftest.py
@pytest.fixture#(autouse=True)
def debug_true(settings):
import logging
dblog = logging.getLogger('django.db.backends')
dblog.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
dblog.propagate = False
dblog.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())
settings.DEBUG = True