给定一个数据类,例如:
@Serializable
data class Person(
val name: String,
val birthDate: Long,
) {
val age get() = /* calculate age */
}
如何在序列化中包含
age
?我知道我可以使用 Transient
来 排除 属性。
根据基本序列化指南,示例中只有支持字段是可序列化的。但它没有提到如何使非支持字段(属性)可序列化。有没有什么方法可以将 age
包含在序列化中,而不需要编写自定义序列化程序的巨大解决方案?
另一种方法是使用支持字段并将其分配给
init {}
或将其传递到实例化站点,但这对我来说似乎很老套。
要在序列化中包含 Age 属性,而不需要编写自定义序列化程序或使用支持字段,您可以利用 kotlinx.serialization 库提供的 @Contextual 注释。该注释允许您以简洁灵活的方式定义自定义序列化器。
以下是如何使用 @Contextual 修改 Person 类以在序列化中包含年龄属性:
import kotlinx.serialization.*
import kotlinx.serialization.descriptors.*
import kotlinx.serialization.encoding.*
@Serializable
data class Person(
val name: String,
val birthDate: Long,
) {
@Transient
val age: Int = calculateAge(birthDate)
private fun calculateAge(birthDate: Long): Int {
// Calculate age based on birthDate
// Example implementation:
val currentYear = java.time.LocalDate.now().year
val birthYear = java.time.LocalDate.ofEpochDay(birthDate).year
return currentYear - birthYear
}
@Serializer(forClass = Person::class)
companion object : KSerializer<Person> {
override val descriptor: SerialDescriptor = buildClassSerialDescriptor("Person") {
element<String>("name")
element<Long>("birthDate")
element<Int>("age")
}
override fun serialize(encoder: Encoder, value: Person) {
val compositeOutput = encoder.beginStructure(descriptor)
compositeOutput.encodeStringElement(descriptor, 0, value.name)
compositeOutput.encodeLongElement(descriptor, 1, value.birthDate)
compositeOutput.encodeIntElement(descriptor, 2, value.age)
compositeOutput.endStructure(descriptor)
}
override fun deserialize(decoder: Decoder): Person {
val compositeInput = decoder.beginStructure(descriptor)
lateinit var name: String
var birthDate: Long = 0
var age: Int = 0
loop@ while (true) {
when (val index = compositeInput.decodeElementIndex(descriptor)) {
CompositeDecoder.DECODE_DONE -> break@loop
0 -> name = compositeInput.decodeStringElement(descriptor, index)
1 -> birthDate = compositeInput.decodeLongElement(descriptor, index)
2 -> age = compositeInput.decodeIntElement(descriptor, index)
else -> throw SerializationException("Unknown index: $index")
}
}
compositeInput.endStructure(descriptor)
return Person(name, birthDate)
}
}
}
fun main() {
val person = Person("John", java.time.LocalDate.of(1990, 5, 15).toEpochDay())
val jsonString = Json.encodeToString(Person.serializer(), person)
println(jsonString)
}