使用 pip 安装 Selenium 时出错：获取构建 Wheel 的要求未成功运行

Question

我正在尝试使用 pip 安装适用于 python 的 Selenium 包，但在“获取构建轮子的要求”时不断收到此错误。

PS C:\Users\Oisin\repositories\Scraper> python .\scrapeData.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Oisin\repositories\Scraper\scrapeData.py", line 7, in <module>
    from selenium import webdriver
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'selenium'
PS C:\Users\Oisin\repositories\Scraper> python -m pip install selenium
Collecting selenium
  Using cached selenium-4.21.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.9 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<3,>=1.26 in c:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\site-packages (from urllib3[socks]<3,>=1.26->selenium) (2.2.1)
Collecting trio~=0.17 (from selenium)
  Using cached trio-0.25.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.7 kB)
Collecting trio-websocket~=0.9 (from selenium)
  Using cached trio_websocket-0.11.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.7 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2021.10.8 in c:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\site-packages (from selenium) (2024.2.2)
Collecting typing_extensions>=4.9.0 (from selenium)
  Using cached typing_extensions-4.11.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.0 kB)
Collecting attrs>=23.2.0 (from trio~=0.17->selenium)
  Using cached attrs-23.2.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (9.5 kB)
Collecting sortedcontainers (from trio~=0.17->selenium)
  Using cached sortedcontainers-2.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (10 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: idna in c:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\site-packages (from trio~=0.17->selenium) (3.7)
Collecting outcome (from trio~=0.17->selenium)
  Using cached outcome-1.3.0.post0-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.6 kB)
Collecting sniffio>=1.3.0 (from trio~=0.17->selenium)
  Using cached sniffio-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.9 kB)
Collecting cffi>=1.14 (from trio~=0.17->selenium)
  Using cached cffi-1.16.0.tar.gz (512 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [24 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
        File "C:\Users\Oisin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-f8yun7ic\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 325, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
        File "C:\Users\Oisin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-f8yun7ic\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 295, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\Oisin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-f8yun7ic\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 126, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 105, in uses_msvc
        File "C:\Users\Oisin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-f8yun7ic\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\config.py", line 220, in try_compile
          self._compile(body, headers, include_dirs, lang)
        File "C:\Users\Oisin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-f8yun7ic\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\config.py", line 132, in _compile
          self.compiler.compile([src], include_dirs=include_dirs)
        File "C:\Users\Oisin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-f8yun7ic\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 343, in compile
          self.initialize()
        File "C:\Users\Oisin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-f8yun7ic\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\_msvccompiler.py", line 246, in initialize
          raise DistutilsPlatformError(
      distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: --plat-name must be one of ('win32', 'win-amd64', 'win-arm32', 'win-arm64')
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
PS C:\Users\Oisin\repositories\Scraper>

我尝试查看这个目录

C:\Users\Oisin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-f8yun7ic\

，但它不存在，唯一类似的目录是

pip-uninstall-tk4rop8y

我尝试了各种类似的命令，而不是

python -m pip install selenium

，我做了

pip install selenium

/

python3 -m pip install selenium

/

pip3 install selenium

等。所有结果都相同。

尝试更新pip无济于事

python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

。

python --version

Python 3.10.11

python -m pip --version

pip 24.0 from C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\site-packages\pip (python 3.10)

除了重新安装 python 和 pip 之外，不知道该去哪里......

Answer 1

似乎与版本有关的问题。我建议您为您的项目创建一个单独的 pyhon 环境，以避免这些不兼容问题。

1.使用 python 3.11 创建新环境

我想你是 Windows 11，所以打开 git bash 并执行以下命令来创建一个新的环境并激活它

conda create -n myproject python=3.11
conda activate myenv
pip install selenium

2.在笔记本中测试你的环境

然后打开 anaconda navigator，选择这个新环境，并启动笔记本。现在应该可以了。