我有一个实现IXmlSerializable
的类型,我用DataContractSerializer
序列化。在将其作为XML文档的根元素序列化时,如何控制根元素名称空间和名称?
说我有以下类型:
public partial class PersonDTO : IXmlSerializable
{
public string Name { get; set; }
#region IXmlSerializable Members
public System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema GetSchema()
{
return null;
}
public void ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
{
Name = reader["name"];
if (!reader.IsEmptyElement)
reader.Skip();
reader.Read();
}
public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer)
{
writer.WriteAttributeString("name", Name);
}
#endregion
}
如果我用DataContractSerializer
作为我的根对象来序列化这个,我得到:
<PersonDTO name="John Doe" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/MyClrNamespace" />
我希望根名称为<Person>
,根名称空间为"http://www.MyCompany.com"
,所以我尝试添加[DataContract]
,如下所示:
[DataContract(Name = "Person", Namespace = "http://www.MyCompany.com")]
public partial class PersonDTO : IXmlSerializable
{
}
但是当我这样做时,DataContractSerializer
抛出一个异常,说明类型'PersonDTO'不能是IXmlSerializable并且具有DataContractAttribute属性:
System.Runtime.Serialization.InvalidDataContractException occurred
Message="Type 'PersonDTO' cannot be IXmlSerializable and have DataContractAttribute attribute."
Source="System.Runtime.Serialization"
StackTrace:
at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlDataContract.XmlDataContractCriticalHelper..ctor(Type type)
at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlDataContract..ctor(Type type)
at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContract.DataContractCriticalHelper.CreateDataContract(Int32 id, RuntimeTypeHandle typeHandle, Type type)
at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContract.DataContractCriticalHelper.GetDataContractSkipValidation(Int32 id, RuntimeTypeHandle typeHandle, Type type)
at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContract.GetDataContract(RuntimeTypeHandle typeHandle, Type type, SerializationMode mode)
at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer.get_RootContract()
我知道在手动序列化时可以使用DataContractSerializer(Type type, String rootName, String rootNamespace)
构造函数修改根名称和命名空间:
var person = new PersonDTO { Name = "John Doe", };
var serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(PersonDTO), "Person", @"http://www.MyCompany.com");
var sb = new StringBuilder();
using (var textWriter = new StringWriter(sb))
using (var xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(textWriter))
{
serializer.WriteObject(xmlWriter, person);
}
Console.WriteLine(sb);
// Outputs <Person name="John Doe" xmlns="http://www.MyCompany.com" />
但有没有办法通过属性自动执行此操作?
这可以使用两种方式之一的属性来完成。
首先(并且令人惊讶地)如果您将旧[XmlRoot]
的XmlSerializer
属性应用于该类型,DataContractSerializer
将使用其中指定的命名空间和名称作为根数据协定命名空间和名称:
[XmlRoot("Person", Namespace = "http://www.MyCompany.com")]
public partial class PersonDTO : IXmlSerializable
{
}
这会生成以下XML:
<Person name="John Doe" xmlns="http://www.MyCompany.com" />
但是,此解决方案仅适用于根元素名称。如果您尝试序列化此类对象的数组或通用列表,则使用未修改的命名空间和名称:
<ArrayOfPersonDTO xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/MyClrNamespace">
<PersonDTO name="John Doe" />
</ArrayOfPersonDTO>
其次,更强大的是,[XmlSchemaProvider]
属性可用于指定一个静态方法,该方法返回类型的数据协定名称,名称空间和模式:
[XmlSchemaProvider("GetSchemaMethod")]
public partial class PersonDTO : IXmlSerializable
{
// This is the method named by the XmlSchemaProviderAttribute applied to the type.
public static XmlQualifiedName GetSchemaMethod(XmlSchemaSet xs)
{
// Fill in a plausible schema for the type if necessary.
//
// While DataContractSerializer will not use the returned schema set,
// svcutil.exe will use it to generate schemas. XmlSerializer also
// seems to require it to be initialized to something plausible if you
// are serializing your types with both serializers.
string personSchema = @"<xs:schema xmlns:tns=""http://www.MyCompany.com"" elementFormDefault=""qualified"" targetNamespace=""http://www.MyCompany.com"" xmlns:xs=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"">
<xs:element name=""Person"" nillable=""true"" type=""tns:Person"" />
<xs:complexType name=""Person"">
<xs:attribute name=""name"" type=""xs:string"" />
</xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>";
using (var textReader = new StringReader(personSchema))
using (var schemaSetReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(textReader))
{
xs.Add("http://www.MyCompany.com", schemaSetReader);
}
// Return back the namespace and name to be used for this type.
return new XmlQualifiedName("Person", "http://www.MyCompany.com");
}
}
这样做的好处是,不仅可以修改根名称和命名空间,还可以使用数组,泛型集合和其他泛型中使用的数据协定名称:
<ArrayOfPerson xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.MyCompany.com">
<Person name="John Doe" />
</ArrayOfPerson>
笔记:
DataContractSerializer
仅使用模式提供程序方法返回的XmlQualifiedName
。但是,如果您计划使用svcutil.exe
为您的类型生成XSD,或者使用XmlSerializer
序列化您的类型,则需要使用合理的东西填写XmlSchemaSet xs
。 (当你这样做时,生成的XSD将反映返回的模式。)