[在绘图中使用滑块时如何更改轴标题

Question

我正在使用plotly绘制4d虹膜数据集的scatter3d投影。为了在同一图中显示所有4种可能的投影，我正在使用滑块。但是，当从一个投影“滑动”到下一个投影时，轴标题不变。通常我会使用fig.update_layout()，但是那是行不通的。如何使用滑块更改它们？

Projection 1

Projection 2

以下是参考代码：

import numpy as np
import plotly.graph_objects as go
from matplotlib import cm
from itertools import combinations

def nd2scatter3d(X, labels = None, features = None, plot_axes = None, hovertext = None):
    """
    Parameters
    ----------
    X : array-like, shape = (n_samples, n_features).

    labels : 1d int array, shape = (n_samples), optional, default None.
        Target or clustering labels for each sample.
        Defaults to np.ones(n_samples).

    features : list, len = n_features, optional, default None.
        List of feature names.
        Defaults to numeric labeling.

    plot_axes : list of 3-tuples, optional, default None.
        List of axes to include in 3d projections. i.e. [(0,1,2), (0,1,3)] displays
        projections along the 4th axis and 3rd axis in that order.
        Defaults to all possible axes combinations.

    hovertext : list, len = n_samples, optional, default None.
        List of text to display on mouse hover.
        Defaults to no text on hover.
    """
    if labels is None:
        labels = np.ones(X.shape[0]).astype(int)
    if features is None:
        features = np.arange(X.shape[1]).astype(str)
    if plot_axes is None:
        plot_axes = list(combinations(np.arange(X.shape[1]), 3))
    if hovertext is None:
        hoverinfo = 'none'
    else:
        hoverinfo = 'text'

    fig = go.Figure()
    for i in range(len(plot_axes)):
        fig.add_trace(
            go.Scatter3d(
                visible=False,
                x=X[:, plot_axes[i][0]],
                y=X[:, plot_axes[i][1]],
                z=X[:, plot_axes[i][2]],
                mode='markers',
                marker=dict(
                    size=3,
                    color = [list(cm.tab10.colors[c]) for c in labels],
                    opacity=1
                ),
                hovertemplate=None,
                hoverinfo= hoverinfo,
                hovertext = hovertext,
              ),)

    fig.data[0].visible = True
    steps = []
    for i in range(len(fig.data)):
        step = dict(
            method="update",
            args=[{"visible": [False] * len(fig.data)},
                  {"title": features[plot_axes[i][0]] + ' vs. ' + features[plot_axes[i][1]] + ' vs. ' + features[plot_axes[i][2]]},  # layout attribute
                 ],
            label = str(plot_axes[i]),
                    )

        step["args"][0]["visible"][i] = True  # Toggle i'th trace to "visible"
        steps.append(step)

    sliders = [dict(
        active=10,
        currentvalue={"prefix": "Projection: "},
        pad={"t": 10},
        steps=steps,
                )]


    fig.update_layout(
        sliders=sliders
    )
    fig.update_layout(width=900, height = 500, margin=dict(r=45, l=45, b=10, t=50),
                     showlegend=False)

    fig.update_layout(scene_aspectmode='cube',
                      scene2_aspectmode='cube',
                      scene3_aspectmode='cube',
                      scene4_aspectmode='cube',
                      scene = dict(
                        xaxis_title = features[plot_axes[0][0]],
                        yaxis_title = features[plot_axes[0][1]],
                        zaxis_title = features[plot_axes[0][2]],),
                      scene2 = dict(
                        xaxis_title = features[plot_axes[1][0]],
                        yaxis_title = features[plot_axes[1][1]],
                        zaxis_title = features[plot_axes[1][2]],),
                      scene3 = dict(
                        xaxis_title = features[plot_axes[2][0]],
                        yaxis_title = features[plot_axes[2][1]],
                        zaxis_title = features[plot_axes[2][2]],),
                      scene4 = dict(
                        xaxis_title = features[plot_axes[3][0]],
                        yaxis_title = features[plot_axes[3][1]],
                        zaxis_title = features[plot_axes[3][2]],)
                     )
    fig.show()

Answer 1

要更新轴标题，您需要在滑块条目中包括它。可能有助于参考plotly's js document on update。

因此，而不是此块：

update

使用类似的东西：

for i in range(len(fig.data)):
        step = dict(
            method="update",
            args=[{"visible": [False] * len(fig.data)},
                  {"title": features[plot_axes[i][0]] + ' vs. ' 
                       + features[plot_axes[i][1]] + ' vs. ' + features[plot_axes[i][2]]},
                 ],
            label = str(plot_axes[i]),
                    )

这将创建一个条目，该条目将在滑块更改时更新数据和标题以及轴标题。