我想使自定义对象可哈希化(通过腌制)。我可以找到适用于Python 2.x的__hash__
算法(请参见下面的代码),但显然它来自Python 3.2的哈希值differs(我想知道为什么吗?)。有人知道__hash__
如何在Python 3.2中实现吗?
#Version: Python 3.2
def c_mul(a, b):
#C type multiplication
return eval(hex((int(a) * b) & 0xFFFFFFFF)[:-1])
class hs:
#Python 2.x algorithm for hash from http://effbot.org/zone/python-hash.htm
def __hash__(self):
if not self:
return 0 # empty
value = ord(self[0]) << 7
for char in self:
value = c_mul(1000003, value) ^ ord(char)
value = value ^ len(self)
if value == -1:
value = -2
return value
def main():
s = ["PROBLEM", "PROBLEN", "PROBLEO", "PROBLEP"]#, "PROBLEQ", "PROBLER", "PROBLES"]
print("Python 3.2 hash() bild-in")
for c in s[:]: print("hash('", c, "')=", hex(hash(c)), end="\n")
print("\n")
print("Python 2.x type hash: __hash__()")
for c in s[:]: print("hs.__hash__('", c, "')=", hex(hs.__hash__(c)), end="\n")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
OUTPUT:
Python 3.2 hash() bild-in
hash(' PROBLEM ')= 0x7a8e675a
hash(' PROBLEN ')= 0x7a8e6759
hash(' PROBLEO ')= 0x7a8e6758
hash(' PROBLEP ')= 0x7a8e6747
Python 2.x type hash: __hash__()
hs.__hash__(' PROBLEM ')= 0xa638a41
hs.__hash__(' PROBLEN ')= 0xa638a42
hs.__hash__(' PROBLEO ')= 0xa638a43
hs.__hash__(' PROBLEP ')= 0xa638a5c
它们为何不同的答案写在这里:
哈希值现在是新值类型Py_hash_t,定义为与指针的大小相同。以前它们是长型的在某些64位操作系统上仍然只有32位长。
[散列也考虑要计算的新值,请看
sys.hash_info
对于字符串,您可以看一下http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Objects/stringobject.c?view=markup第1263行string_hash(PyStringObject * a)
我在源代码中(unicodeobject.c)中查找了新函数,并在Python中对其进行了重新构建。这是:
def my_hash(string):
x = ord(string[0]) << 7
for c in string:
x = (1000003 * x) ^ ord(c)
x ^= len(string)
needCorrection = x & (1 << 65)
x %= 2 ** 64
if needCorrection:
x = -~(-x ^ 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
if x == -1:
x = -2
return x
不过,这仅是64位。现在可以纠正数字变为负数时Python的怪异行为。 (您最好不要考虑太多。)