C++ mingw32-对库进行未定义引用（Windows）

Question

我不想使用大型 IDE，而是想尝试第一次使用 makefile 的经验。在不太了解 makefile 的情况下，我找到了一个示例并尝试将其应用于我的项目。 生成文件如下所示：

#This is an easier to use and modify makefile, but it is slightly more difficult to read than the simple one:
#
# 'make depend' uses makedepend to automatically generate dependencies 
#               (dependencies are added to end of Makefile)
# 'make'        build executable file 'mycc'
# 'make clean'  removes all .o and executable files
#

# define the C compiler to use

#CC = gcc
#CC = "C:\MinGW\bin\g++.exe"
CXX = "C:\MinGW\bin\g++.exe"

# define any compile-time flags
#CPPFLAGS = -Wall -g -std=c++11
CXXFLAGS = -Wall -g -std=c++11

# define any directories containing header files other than /usr/include
#

#INCLUDES = -I/home/newhall/include  -I../include
INCLUDES = -IC:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib\inc 

# define library paths in addition to /usr/lib
#   if I wanted to include libraries not in /usr/lib I'd specify
#   their path using -Lpath, something like:

#LFLAGS = -L/home/newhall/lib  -L../lib
LFLAGS = -LC:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib\lib

# define any libraries to link into executable:
#   if I want to link in libraries (libx.so or libx.a) I use the -llibname 
#   option, something like (this will link in libmylib.so and libm.so:

#LIBS = -lmylib -lm
LIBS = -lvisa32

# define the C source files

#SRCS = emitter.c error.c init.c lexer.c main.c symbol.c parser.c
SRCS = main.cpp atcFlash.cpp measurements.cpp SerialCommunicationClass.cpp

# define the C object files 
#
# This uses Suffix Replacement within a macro:
#   $(name:string1=string2)
#         For each word in 'name' replace 'string1' with 'string2'
# Below we are replacing the suffix .c of all words in the macro SRCS
# with the .o suffix
#
OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)

# define the executable file 

#MAIN = mycc
MAIN = apdCalib.exe

#
# The following part of the makefile is generic; it can be used to 
# build any executable just by changing the definitions above and by
# deleting dependencies appended to the file from 'make depend'
#

.PHONY: depend clean

all:    $(MAIN)
    @echo  Simple compiler named mycc has been compiled

$(MAIN): $(OBJS) 
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o $(MAIN) $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS) $(LIBS)

# this is a suffix replacement rule for building .o's from .c's
# it uses automatic variables $<: the name of the prerequisite of
# the rule(a .c file) and $@: the name of the target of the rule (a .o file) 
# (see the gnu make manual section about automatic variables)
.c.o:
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -c $<  -o $@

clean:
    $(RM) *.o *~ $(MAIN)

depend: $(SRCS)
    makedepend $(INCLUDES) $^

# DO NOT DELETE THIS LINE -- make depend needs it

我将 mingw 安装到“C\MinGW in”。在文件夹“C:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib”中，我有四个 .cpp 源文件和“makefile”。在“C：\ Users \ k0cke \ Desktop \ TestMake \ ATCCalib \ inc”中，我有6个.h文件。 “visa.h”和“visatype.h”是头文件，应该允许我使用 Visa32.lib 的功能。 “C:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib\lib”包含库“visa32.lib”。

在 Windows cmd 窗口中，导航到“C:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib”并输入 mingw32-make。

现在我收到链接器错误

c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\k0cke\AppData\Local\Temp\ccPAAw9m.o:measurements.cpp:(.text+0x10): undefined reference to `viOpenDefaultRM@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\k0cke\AppData\Local\Temp\ccPAAw9m.o:measurements.cpp:(.text+0x6d): undefined reference to `viOpen@20'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\k0cke\AppData\Local\Temp\ccPAAw9m.o:measurements.cpp:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `viGetAttribute@12'
.
.
.

在“measurements.cpp”中，我

#include "measurement.h"

。在“measurement.h”中，我

#include "visa.h"

和

#include "visatype.h"

您对我可能犯的错误有什么建议吗？我好像没找到什么。

编辑：以下是控制台中显示的构建命令：

"C:\MinGW\bin\g++.exe" -Wall -g -std=c++11 -IC:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib\inc  -o apdCalib.exe main.cpp atcFlash.cpp measurements.cpp SerialCommunicationClass.cpp -LC:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib\lib -lvisa32
atcFlash.cpp: In function 'void atcFlash(serialCommunication&, std::string, std::string, std::string)':
atcFlash.cpp:23:6: warning: unused variable 'chooseSector' [-Wunused-variable]
   23 |  int chooseSector = 0;
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~
atcFlash.cpp:24:6: warning: unused variable 'validSector' [-Wunused-variable]
   24 |  int validSector = 0;
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\k0cke\AppData\Local\Temp\ccLOPMRY.o: in function `Z9measureACiRdNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE':
C:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib/measurements.cpp:12: undefined reference to `viOpenDefaultRM@4'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\k0cke\Desktop\TestMake\ATCCalib/measurements.cpp:21: undefined reference to `viOpen@20'
.
.

Answer 1

超级奇怪的答案：因此，名为“visa32.lib”的库用于与是德科技的测量工具交换命令，例如将其包含到自动测量系统中。我安装了所谓的“Agilent Libraries Suite”。从那里，我获取了库“visa32.lib”。在我尝试过一切之后，我想也许该库已损坏。在我的 PC 上搜索后，我发现 Agilent Libraries Suite 提供了 5 个同名的库。我尝试了其中的每一个，发现其中一个正在工作......所以，我想问题已经解决了。