如何创建跨 2 列和 2 行的 CSS 网格布局框？

Question

我已经按照最新的 CSS 网格规范创建了一个网格布局，但还不完全熟悉它。我正在尝试创建以下布局，而不必为每个网格子项定义网格区域。

代码笔

body {
  max-width: 1024px;
  margin: 10px auto;
}

.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-gap: 10px;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-areas: "a a b" "a a c" "d e f";
}

.grid__thing {
  background-color: rebeccapurple;
}

.a {
  grid-area: a;
}

.b {
  grid-area: b;
}

.c {
  grid-area: c;
}

.d {
  grid-area: d;
}

.e {
  grid-area: e;
}

.f {
  grid-area: f;
}

img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

<div class="grid">
  <div class="grid__thing a">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/1360x880" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing b">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/660x405" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing c">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/660x405" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing d">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/660x405" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing e">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/1327x817" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing f">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/1327x817" alt="" />
  </div>
</div>

理想情况下，我希望能够在网格父级中设置所有网格大小调整属性，然后仅定义网格项 A 中的属性以跨越 2 列和行。

当前指定每个网格区域并附加一个独特的类，如下所示：

.grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-gap: 10px;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
    grid-template-rows:  1fr 1fr 1fr;
    grid-template-areas: "a a b"
                         "a a c"
                         "d e f";
.a {
    grid-area: a;
}
.b {
    grid-area: b;
}
.c {
    grid-area: c;
}
.d {
    grid-area: d;
}
.e {
    grid-area: e;
}
.f {
    grid-area: f;
}

想做这样的事情，这样我就不必为每个网格项创建唯一的 CSS 类：

.grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-gap: 10px;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
    grid-template-rows:  1fr 1fr 1fr;
    grid-template-areas: "a a b"
                         "a a c"
                         "d e f";
}
.a {
    // The only unique selector, so this is the only thing that
    // should be given unique styling
}

Answer 1

如果您不想为每个网格项定义网格区域，则不要使用

grid-template-areas

 属性，该属性要求您为每个网格项定义名称。

相反，只需在容器上使用

grid-template-columns

 和 

grid-template-rows

 即可。

然后使用

grid-column

 和 

grid-row

 将 2x2 尺寸应用到第一个网格项。

grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 100px);
  grid-gap: 10px;
}

grid-item:first-child {
  grid-column: 1 / 3; /* span from grid column line 1 to 3 (i.e., span 2 columns) */
  grid-row: 1 / 3;    /* same concept, but for rows */
}

/* non-essential decorative styles */
grid-item {
  background-color: aqua;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
}

<grid-container>
  <grid-item>A</grid-item>
  <grid-item>B</grid-item>
  <grid-item>C</grid-item>
  <grid-item>D</grid-item>
  <grid-item>E</grid-item>
  <grid-item>F</grid-item>
</grid-container>

codepen 演示

Answer 2

而不是像 @Michael Benjamin 的答案那样告诉你的元素应该在哪一列/哪一行开始/结束

grid-column: 1 / 3; 您还可以告诉您的元素应该有多少行/列

span

grid-column: span 2;
/*same rule as*/
grid-column-start: span 2;
grid-column-end: auto;

这样，元素的放置方式就像放置在文档流中一样，但它会跨越多个列/行。

您仍然可以将此规则与起点 ala 结合起来

grid-column: 1 / span 2;
/*same rule as*/
grid-column-start: 1;
grid-column-end: span 2;

当然你可以用

column

 切换 

row

 使元素跨越多行

grid-row: span 2;

Answer 3

按照你的计划去做；删除无用的类。

body {
  max-width: 1024px;
  margin: 10px auto;
}

.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-gap: 10px;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-areas: "a a" "a a";
}

.grid__thing {
  background-color: rebeccapurple;
}

.a {
  grid-area: a;
}

img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

<div class="grid">
  <div class="grid__thing a">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/1360x880" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/660x405" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/660x405" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/660x405" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/1327x817" alt="" />
  </div>
  <div class="grid__thing">
    <img src="https://placehold.it/1327x817" alt="" />
  </div>
</div>