我已经尝试运行一个python代码示例，该示例代码使用ctypes从库中获取函数。可以找到示例here。我按照说明进行，除了一个小的修改之外，我使用了完全相同的代码。我一直试图在Windows 10（64位），python 3.7（64位）上运行此命令，但收到此错误消息：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/gifr9302/PycharmProjects/testpytoc/myfunc.py", line 128, in <module>
libmyfunc = npct.load_library('myfunc.dll', os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
File "C:\Users\gifr9302\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\numpy\ctypeslib.py", line 152, in load_library
return ctypes.cdll[libpath]
File "C:\Users\gifr9302\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 431, in __getitem__
return getattr(self, name)
File "C:\Users\gifr9302\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 426, in __getattr__
dll = self._dlltype(name)
File "C:\Users\gifr9302\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 356, in __init__
self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: [WinError 193] %1 n’est pas une application Win32 valide
翻译：
OSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application
我尝试创建dll而不是so文件，但仍然遇到相同的错误。似乎它试图在64位系统上运行32位应用程序，但我不确定为什么。谁能帮忙？
以防万一。[Python 3.Docs]: ctypes - A foreign function library for Python提及（尽管与它没有太大关系）。>
它是（[[[[ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT
（193，0xC1）上的（Python）包装。在[MS.Docs]: System Error Codes (0-499)中检查它。1。错误错误消息令人困惑（特别是由于％1
占位符）。有关更多详细信息，请检查[SO]: Why is %1 rarely substituted in “%1 is not a valid Win32 application.”。[Win尝试加载它认为是可执行映像的文件时会发生此错误（。exe，。dll
，...），但实际上并非如此。遇到这种情况的情况多种多样（Google出现错误，将会产生很多结果）。[从文件加载图像时，有很多可能的原因（现有且可读，否则错误会有所不同-请看最后的项目符号之一：]已下载且下载不完整由于文件系统问题而损坏
。exe
（[SO]: OSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application）的文件code0.c
：#include <stdio.h>
#include <Windows.h>
int main() {
DWORD gle = 0;
HMODULE hMod = LoadLibraryA(".\\dll0.dll");
if (hMod == NULL) {
gle = GetLastError();
printf("LoadLibrary failed: %d (0x%08X)\n", gle, gle);
} else {
FreeLibrary(hMod);
}
return gle;
}
输出： Notecmd控制台
[cfati@CFATI-5510-0:e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q057187566]> sopr.bat
*** Set shorter prompt to better fit when pasted in StackOverflow (or other) pages ***
[prompt]> "c:\Install\x86\Microsoft\Visual Studio Community\2017\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
**********************************************************************
** Visual Studio 2017 Developer Command Prompt v15.9.14
** Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation
**********************************************************************
[vcvarsall.bat] Environment initialized for: 'x64'
[prompt]> dir /b
code0.c
dll0.c
script0.py
[prompt]> cl /nologo code0.c /link /NOLOGO /OUT:code0_064.exe
code0.c
[prompt]> :: Creating an invalid dll
[prompt]> echo garbage> dll0.dll
[prompt]> dir /b
code0.c
code0.obj
code0_064.exe
dll0.c
dll0.dll
script0.py
[prompt]> code0_064.exe
LoadLibrary failed: 193 (0x000000C1)
如图所示，我创建了一个文件dll0.dll，其中包含文本“
垃圾”，因此它是一个内容无效的
。dll
OK
，涉及的2个CPU体系结构必须匹配 1 [1。2。 Python上下文。dll
名称上调用[MS.Docs]: LoadLibraryW function。因此，对于Python进程，这是完全相同的情况，其中ctypes尝试将。dll加载到其中。script0.py：#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import os
import ctypes
DLL_BASE_NAME = "dll0"
def main(args):
dll_name = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)), (args[0] if args else DLL_BASE_NAME) + ".dll")
print("Attempting to load: [{0:s}]".format(dll_name))
dll0 = ctypes.CDLL(dll_name)
func0 = dll0.dll0Func0
func0.restype = ctypes.c_int
res = func0()
print("{0:s} returned {1:d}".format(func0.__name__, res))
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Python {0:s} {1:d}bit on {2:s}\n".format(" ".join(item.strip() for item in sys.version.split("\n")), 64 if sys.maxsize > 0x100000000 else 32, sys.platform))
main(sys.argv[1:])
print("\nDone.")
输出： 1 [1
这里是[prompt]> :: dll0.dll still contains garbage
[prompt]>
[prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.07.03_test0\Scripts\python.exe" script0.py
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 22:22:05) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] 64bit on win32
Attempting to load: [e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q057187566\dll0.dll]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "script0.py", line 24, in <module>
main(sys.argv[1:])
File "script0.py", line 14, in main
dll0 = ctypes.CDLL(dll_name)
File "c:\install\x64\python\python\03.07.03\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 356, in __init__
self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application
（从上面）的一个示例，它将尝试所有4种组合。dll0.c
#include <inttypes.h>
#if defined(_WIN32)
# define DLL0_EXPORT_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
# define DLL0_EXPORT_API
#endif
DLL0_EXPORT_API size_t dll0Func0() {
return sizeof(void*);
}
输出：
3。奖金[prompt]> :: Still building for 64bit from previous vcvarsall call
[prompt]>
[prompt]> cl /nologo /DDLL dll0.c /link /NOLOGO /DLL /OUT:dll0_064.dll
dll0.c
Creating library dll0_064.lib and object dll0_064.exp
[prompt]>
[prompt]> "c:\Install\x86\Microsoft\Visual Studio Community\2017\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x86
**********************************************************************
** Visual Studio 2017 Developer Command Prompt v15.9.14
** Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation
**********************************************************************
[vcvarsall.bat] Environment initialized for: 'x86'
[prompt]> cl /nologo /DDLL dll0.c /link /NOLOGO /DLL /OUT:dll0_032.dll
dll0.c
Creating library dll0_032.lib and object dll0_032.exp
[prompt]> dir /b *.dll
dll0.dll
dll0_032.dll
dll0_064.dll
[prompt]>
[prompt]> :: Python 64bit
[prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.07.03_test0\Scripts\python.exe" script0.py dll0_064
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 22:22:05) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] 64bit on win32
Attempting to load: [e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q057187566\dll0_064.dll]
dll0Func0 returned 8
Done.
[prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.07.03_test0\Scripts\python.exe" script0.py dll0_032
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 22:22:05) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] 64bit on win32
Attempting to load: [e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q057187566\dll0_032.dll]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "script0.py", line 24, in <module>
main(sys.argv[1:])
File "script0.py", line 14, in main
dll0 = ctypes.CDLL(dll_name)
File "c:\install\x64\python\python\03.07.03\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 356, in __init__
self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application
[prompt]>
[prompt]> :: Python 32bit
[prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_032_03.07.03_test0\Scripts\python.exe" script0.py dll0_032
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 21:26:53) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] 32bit on win32
Attempting to load: [e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q057187566\dll0_032.dll]
dll0Func0 returned 4
Done.
[prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_032_03.07.03_test0\Scripts\python.exe" script0.py dll0_064
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 21:26:53) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] 32bit on win32
Attempting to load: [e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q057187566\dll0_064.dll]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "script0.py", line 24, in <module>
main(sys.argv[1:])
File "script0.py", line 14, in main
dll0 = ctypes.CDLL(dll_name)
File "c:\install\x86\python\python\03.07.03\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 356, in __init__
self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application
在以上示例中，通过显式调用
）“按需”加载了[[.dllLoadLibrary（或
LoadLibraryEx
。exe
或。dll依赖（链接到）另一个。dll，并且它自动加载时它正在被加载（尽管我几乎可以肯定LoadLibrary-或更低级别的函数-在相关的[[.dll上自动被调用）。在下面的示例中，dll0 * .dll取决于dll1 * .dll。仅举例说明32bit（因为这是由先前操作设置的当前构建环境）。dll1.h：#if defined(_WIN32)
# if defined(DLL1_EXPORTS)
# define DLL1_EXPORT_API __declspec(dllexport)
# else
# define DLL1_EXPORT_API __declspec(dllimport)
# endif
#else
# define DLL1_EXPORT_API
#endif
DLL1_EXPORT_API void dll1Func0();
dll1.c：#include <stdio.h>
#define DLL1_EXPORTS
#include "dll1.h"
void dll1Func0() {
printf("In [%s]\n", __FUNCTION__);
}
dll0.c（已修改）：
#include <inttypes.h>
#if defined(_WIN32)
# define DLL0_EXPORT_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
# define DLL0_EXPORT_API
#endif
#include "dll1.h"
DLL0_EXPORT_API size_t dll0Func0() {
dll1Func0();
return sizeof(void*);
}
输出：
[prompt]> :: Still building for 32bit from previous vcvarsall call
[prompt]>
[prompt]> cl /nologo /DDLL dll1.c /link /NOLOGO /DLL /OUT:dll1_032.dll
dll1.c
Creating library dll1_032.lib and object dll1_032.exp
[prompt]> cl /nologo /DDLL dll0.c /link /NOLOGO /DLL /OUT:dll0_032.dll
dll0.c
Creating library dll0_032.lib and object dll0_032.exp
dll0.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__dll1Func0 referenced in function _dll0Func0
dll0_032.dll : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
[prompt]>
[prompt]> cl /nologo /DDLL dll0.c /link /NOLOGO /DLL /OUT:dll0_032.dll dll1_032.lib
dll0.c
Creating library dll0_032.lib and object dll0_032.exp
[prompt]>
[prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_032_03.07.03_test0\Scripts\python.exe" script0.py dll0_032
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 21:26:53) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] 32bit on win32
Attempting to load: [e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q057187566\dll0_032.dll]
In [dll1Func0]
dll0Func0 returned 4
Done.
[prompt]> :: Messing up dll1_032.dll
[prompt]> echo garbage> dll1_032.dll
[prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_032_03.07.03_test0\Scripts\python.exe" script0.py dll0_032
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 21:26:53) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] 32bit on win32
Attempting to load: [e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q057187566\dll0_032.dll]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "script0.py", line 24, in <module>
main(sys.argv[1:])
File "script0.py", line 14, in main
dll0 = ctypes.CDLL(dll_name)
File "c:\install\x86\python\python\03.07.03\Lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 356, in __init__
self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application
构建它，但会选择相同的错误，因为它变短了。 >陈述明显的事实：如果我不是将垃圾数据写入dll1_032.dll，而是为
64bit
4。结论
我在下一个项目符号中声明的所有内容，也适用于其后的项目。
在示例中，上面的错误是由于正在加载的。dll或其直接依赖项之一（间接级别1）中发生损坏。不难发现，多次应用同一原理，行为不会改变，因此对于任何级别的间接调用都是有效的。想象一个。dll
，而每个依次依赖于其他几个，依此类推...。这称为