如何使用 Python sqlite3 API 获得 SQLite 交互式 shell 命令
.tables
和 .dump
的等效命令?
Python 中:
import sqlit3
con = sqlite3.connect('database.db')
cursor = con.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';")
print(cursor.fetchall())
留意我的其他答案。使用 pandas 有一种更快的方法。
您可以通过查询 SQLITE_MASTER 表来获取表和模式的列表:
sqlite> .tab
job snmptarget t1 t2 t3
sqlite> select name from sqlite_master where type = 'table';
job
t1
t2
snmptarget
t3
sqlite> .schema job
CREATE TABLE job (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
data VARCHAR
);
sqlite> select sql from sqlite_master where type = 'table' and name = 'job';
CREATE TABLE job (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
data VARCHAR
)
在 python 中执行此操作的最快方法是使用 Pandas(版本 0.16 及更高版本)。
转储一张表:
db = sqlite3.connect('database.db')
table = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * from table_name", db)
table.to_csv(table_name + '.csv', index_label='index')
转储所有表:
import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
def to_csv():
db = sqlite3.connect('database.db')
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';")
tables = cursor.fetchall()
for table_name in tables:
table_name = table_name[0]
table = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * from %s" % table_name, db)
table.to_csv(table_name + '.csv', index_label='index')
cursor.close()
db.close()
我不熟悉Python API,但你可以随时使用
SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
Python 2 程序打印表名称和这些表的列名称:
import sqlite3
db_filename = 'database.sqlite'
newline_indent = '\n '
db=sqlite3.connect(db_filename)
db.text_factory = str
cur = db.cursor()
result = cur.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';").fetchall()
table_names = sorted(zip(*result)[0])
print "\ntables are:"+newline_indent+newline_indent.join(table_names)
for table_name in table_names:
result = cur.execute("PRAGMA table_info('%s')" % table_name).fetchall()
column_names = zip(*result)[1]
print ("\ncolumn names for %s:" % table_name)+newline_indent+(newline_indent.join(column_names))
db.close()
print "\nexiting."
Python 3 版本:
import sqlite3
db_filename = 'database.sqlite'
newline_indent = '\n '
db=sqlite3.connect(db_filename)
db.text_factory = str
cur = db.cursor()
result = cur.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';").fetchall()
table_names = sorted(list(zip(*result))[0])
print ("\ntables are:"+newline_indent+newline_indent.join(table_names))
for table_name in table_names:
result = cur.execute("PRAGMA table_info('%s')" % table_name).fetchall()
column_names = list(zip(*result))[1]
print (("\ncolumn names for %s:" % table_name)
+newline_indent
+(newline_indent.join(column_names)))
db.close()
print ("\nexiting.")
如果有人想对熊猫做同样的事情
import pandas as pd
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect("db.sqlite3")
table = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'", conn)
print(table)
显然Python 2.6中包含的sqlite3版本具有此功能:http://docs.python.org/dev/library/sqlite3.html
# Convert file existing_db.db to SQL dump file dump.sql
import sqlite3, os
con = sqlite3.connect('existing_db.db')
with open('dump.sql', 'w') as f:
for line in con.iterdump():
f.write('%s\n' % line)
如果您只想打印数据库中的所有表和列,有些人可能会发现我的函数很有用。
在循环中,我使用 LIMIT 0 查询每个表,因此它只返回标头信息,而不返回所有数据。 您可以从中创建一个空 df,并使用可迭代的 df.columns 打印每个列名称。
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')
c = conn.cursor()
def table_info(c, conn):
'''
prints out all of the columns of every table in db
c : cursor object
conn : database connection object
'''
tables = c.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';").fetchall()
for table_name in tables:
table_name = table_name[0] # tables is a list of single item tuples
table = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * from {} LIMIT 0".format(table_name), conn)
print(table_name)
for col in table.columns:
print('\t' + col)
print()
table_info(c, conn)
Results will be:
table1
column1
column2
table2
column1
column2
column3
etc.
经过大量摆弄后,我在 sqlite docs 找到了更好的答案,用于列出表的元数据,甚至是附加的数据库。
meta = cursor.execute("PRAGMA table_info('Job')")
for r in meta:
print r
关键信息是在 table_info 前面加上附件句柄名称前缀,而不是 my_table 。
在这里查看转储。 sqlite3库里好像有dump函数。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sqlite3
dbname = './db/database.db'
try:
print "INITILIZATION..."
con = sqlite3.connect(dbname)
cursor = con.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';")
tables = cursor.fetchall()
for tbl in tables:
print "\n######## "+tbl[0]+" ########"
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM "+tbl[0]+";")
rows = cursor.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print row
print(cursor.fetchall())
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print "\nClean Exit By user"
finally:
print "\nFinally"
我已经在 PHP 中实现了 sqlite 表模式解析器,您可以在这里查看:https://github.com/c9s/LazyRecord/blob/master/src/LazyRecord/TableParser/SqliteTableDefinitionParser.php
您可以使用此定义解析器来解析定义,如下面的代码:
$parser = new SqliteTableDefinitionParser;
$parser->parseColumnDefinitions('x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y DOUBLE, z DATETIME default \'2011-11-10\', name VARCHAR(100)');