从填充有边界内OSM数据的PostGis数据库中查询所有主要道路

问题描述 投票:0回答:2

我通过osm2pgsql将OpenStreetMap数据导入到PgSQL(PostGIS)中 我想从包含的数据中获取一个 SF 对象 一个区域(bbox)内的所有主要道路(几何图形)都进入R。

我迷路了,因为我还想拥有关系和节点 我不确定仅对planet_osm_roads进行查询是否就足够了,以及导入的数据结构与我通常使用的osm xml数据有何不同。 我知道这可能是一个更广泛的问题但是

我希望能够更好地理解查询语言。

这是我的方法,但遗憾的是我遇到了错误

conn <- RPostgreSQL::dbConnect("PostgreSQL", host = MYHOST,
                               dbname = "osm_data", user = "postgres", password = MYPASSWORD)
pgPostGIS(conn)


a<-pgGetGeom(conn, c("public", "planet_osm_roads"), geom = "way", gid = "osm_id",
          other.cols = FALSE, clauses  = "WHERE highway = 'primary' && ST_MakeEnvelope(11.2364353533134, 47.8050651144447,  11.8882527806375, 48.2423300001326)")
a<-st_as_sf(a)

这是我收到的错误:

Error in postgresqlExecStatement(conn, statement, ...) : 
  RS-DBI driver: (could not Retrieve the result : ERROR:  syntax error at or near "ST_MakeEnvelope"
LINE 2: ...lic"."planet_osm_roads" WHERE "way" IS NOT NULL   ST_MakeEnv...
                                                             ^
)
Error in pgGetGeom(conn, c("public", "planet_osm_roads"), geom = "way",  : 
  No geometries found.
In addition: Warning message:
In postgresqlQuickSQL(conn, statement, ...) :
  Could not create execute: SELECT DISTINCT a.geo AS type 
                        FROM (SELECT ST_GeometryType("way") as geo FROM "public"."planet_osm_roads" WHERE "way" IS NOT NULL   ST_MakeEnvelope(11.2364353533134, 47.8050651144447,  11.8882527806375, 48.2423300001326)) a;

这是数据库:

osm_data=# \d
                  List of relations
  Schema  |        Name        |   Type   |  Owner   
----------+--------------------+----------+----------
 public   | geography_columns  | view     | postgres
 public   | geometry_columns   | view     | postgres
 public   | planet_osm_line    | table    | postgres
 public   | planet_osm_nodes   | table    | postgres
 public   | planet_osm_point   | table    | postgres
 public   | planet_osm_polygon | table    | postgres
 public   | planet_osm_rels    | table    | postgres
 public   | planet_osm_roads   | table    | postgres
 public   | planet_osm_ways    | table    | postgres
 public   | spatial_ref_sys    | table    | postgres
 topology | layer              | table    | postgres
 topology | topology           | table    | postgres
 topology | topology_id_seq    | sequence | postgres




schema_name         table_name geom_column geometry_type     type
1      public    planet_osm_line         way    LINESTRING GEOMETRY
2      public   planet_osm_point         way         POINT GEOMETRY
3      public planet_osm_polygon         way      GEOMETRY GEOMETRY
4      public   planet_osm_roads         way    LINESTRING GEOMETRY




                      Table "public.planet_osm_roads"
       Column       |           Type            | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------------------+---------------------------+-----------+----------+---------
 osm_id             | bigint                    |           |          | 
 access             | text                      |           |          | 
 addr:housename     | text                      |           |          | 
 addr:housenumber   | text                      |           |          | 
 addr:interpolation | text                      |           |          | 
 admin_level        | text                      |           |          | 
 aerialway          | text                      |           |          | 
 aeroway            | text                      |           |          | 
 amenity            | text                      |           |          | 
 area               | text                      |           |          | 
 barrier            | text                      |           |          | 
 bicycle            | text                      |           |          | 
 brand              | text                      |           |          | 
 bridge             | text                      |           |          | 
 boundary           | text                      |           |          | 
 building           | text                      |           |          | 
 construction       | text                      |           |          | 
r postgresql postgis openstreetmap osm2pgsql
2个回答
4
投票

您的查询看起来很好。检查以下示例:

WITH planet_osm_roads (highway,way) AS (
  VALUES 
    ('primary','SRID=3857;POINT(1283861.57 6113504.88)'::geometry), --inside your bbox
    ('secondary','SRID=3857;POINT(1286919.06 6067184.04)'::geometry)  --somewhere else ..
)
SELECT highway,ST_AsText(way)
FROM planet_osm_roads
WHERE 
   highway IN ('primary','secondary','tertiary') AND
   planet_osm_roads.way && ST_Transform(
  ST_MakeEnvelope(11.2364353533134,47.8050651144447,11.8882527806375,48.2423300001326, 4326),3857
);

 highway |          st_astext           
---------+------------------------------
 primary | POINT(1283861.57 6113504.88)

此图说明了 BBOX 以及上例中使用的点

  • 查看
    documentation
    了解有关 bbox 交集运算符
    &&
    的更多信息。

enter image description here

但是,有一些事情需要考虑。

  • 如果您自己创建 BBOX 是为了拥有
    ST_Contains
    的区域,请考虑简单地使用
    ST_DWithin
    。它基本上会做同样的事情,但您只需提供参考点和距离。
  • 根据表中
    highway
    类型的分布
    planet_osm_roads
    并考虑到您的查询将始终寻找
    primary
    secondary
    tertiary
    高速公路,创建
    partial index
    可以显着提高性能。正如文档所说:

部分索引是在表的子集上构建的索引;子集 由条件表达式(称为谓词)定义 部分索引)。该索引仅包含那些表行的条目 满足谓词。部分索引是一个专门的功能, 但在某些情况下它们是有用的。

所以尝试这样的事情:

CREATE INDEX idx_planet_osm_roads_way ON planet_osm_roads USING gist(way) 
WHERE highway IN ('primary','secondary','tertiary');

而且

highway
也需要建立索引。所以试试这个..

CREATE INDEX idx_planet_osm_roads_highway ON planet_osm_roads (highway);

..或者甚至另一个部分索引,以防万一您无法删除其他数据,但您不需要它来做任何事情:

CREATE INDEX idx_planet_osm_roads_highway ON planet_osm_roads (highway) 
WHERE highway IN ('primary','secondary','tertiary');

您始终可以识别瓶颈并检查查询规划器是否正在使用您的索引

EXPLAIN

进一步阅读


0
投票

我想通了。 这就是您如何从 PostGIS 数据库中获取 SF 对象,其中填充了

11.2364353533134,47.8050651144447,11.8882527806375,48.2423300001326
BBOX 中的 OSM 数据:

library(sf)
library(RPostgreSQL)
library(tictoc)
pw <- MYPASSWORD
drv <- dbDriver("PostgreSQL")
con <- dbConnect(drv, dbname = "osm_data",
                 host = "localhost", port = 5432,
                 user = "postgres", password = pw)


tic()
sf_data = st_read(con, query = "SELECT osm_id,name,highway,way
  FROM planet_osm_roads
WHERE highway = 'primary' OR highway = 'secondary' OR highway = 'tertiary'AND ST_Contains(
  ST_Transform(
    ST_MakeEnvelope(11.2364353533134,47.8050651144447,11.8882527806375,48.2423300001326,4326)
    ,3857)
  ,planet_osm_roads.way);")
toc()

RPostgreSQL::dbDisconnect(con)

我必须验证 BBOX 值是否确实得到考虑..我不确定。

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