基于源表的不同删除 OUTPUT 行为

Question

我想要实现的是一个组合的合并语句，它根据相关元数据更新/删除/移动数据，有点像下面的（MWS在最后）：

merge #data as target
using #metadata as source
on (...)

when matched and source.state = 1
then update ...

when matched and source.state = 0
then delete

when matched and source.state = -1
then delete output deleted... into *somewhere else*
;

这会产生以下错误：

WHEN MATCHED 类型的操作在 MERGE 语句的 DELETE 子句中不得出现多次。

（翻译）

有人可以详细说明该错误吗？我怎样才能达到预期的行为？

这是一个 MWS：

CREATE TABLE #data 
(
    id int IDENTITY(1,1),
    description nvarchar(100) NOT NULL,
    metadata int NULL
)

CREATE TABLE #anotherTable 
(
    id int identity(1,1),
    description nvarchar(100) NOT NULL
)

INSERT INTO #data (description)
VALUES (N'data'),
       (N'more data'),
       (N'example'),
       (N'unknown')

CREATE TABLE #metadata 
(
    id int IDENTITY(1,1),
    description nvarchar(100) NOT NULL,
    metadata int NOT NULL,
    state int NOT NULL DEFAULT -1
)

INSERT INTO #metadata (description, metadata, state)
VALUES (N'data', 10, 1),
       (N'more data', 11, 0),
       (N'example', 12, -1)

MERGE #data AS target
USING #metadata AS source
      ON (target.description = source.description)

WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN 
    DELETE

WHEN MATCHED AND source.state = 1 THEN
    UPDATE SET target.metadata = source.metadata

WHEN MATCHED AND source.state = 0 THEN
    DELETE

WHEN MATCHED AND source.state = -1 THEN
    DELETE OUTPUT deleted.description INTO #anotherTable (description);


SELECT * FROM #data
SELECT * FROM #anotherTable
SELECT * FROM #metadata

DROP TABLE #data, #metadata, #anotherTable

感谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

不，您不能直接执行此操作。

OUTPUT

子句与您令人困惑的格式相反，实际上适用于 整个

MERGE

，您应该将其与

MERGE

的其余部分分开格式化。

您也不允许有多个

WHEN MATCHED

子句，除非一个有

AND

过滤器而一个没有（因此不超过两个）。您需要删除

state

上的过滤器，或预先过滤源。

一种选择是将

MERGE...OUTPUT

放入派生表（不是 CTE，因为不受支持），然后使用

INSERT

将

WHERE

关闭。

INSERT #anotherTable (description)
SELECT description
FROM (
    MERGE #data AS target
    USING #metadata AS source
        ON (target.description = source.description)

    WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE THEN 
        DELETE

    WHEN MATCHED AND source.state = 1 THEN
        UPDATE SET target.metadata = source.metadata

    WHEN MATCHED THEN
        DELETE
  
    OUTPUT $action as action, deleted.*, source.state
) MergeOutput
WHERE action = 'DELETE'
  AND state = -1;

db<>小提琴

上述解决方案仅适用于简单的

WHERE

过滤器，不能使用连接等。

另一种选择是仅插入到表变量中，然后过滤并从那里重新插入。