这里是宿主程序:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <wait.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
printf("Starting the main function.\n");
int retval=1;
pid_t pid=fork();
if (pid==0)
{
printf("In the child process now. The PID of the child is %d and the PID of its parent is %d.\n", getpid(), getppid());
printf("Child process now, retval is %d\n", retval);
execl("./binsearch", argv[1], NULL);
}
else
{
printf("Back to the parent process now, here is its PID: %d.\n", getpid());
printf("Parent process now, retval is %d\n", retval);
wait(&retval);
if(WIFEXITED(retval)==1)
{
printf("Process terminated normally.\n");
}
else
{
printf("Process termniated abnormally.\n");
exit(42);
}
}
return 0;
}
这是可执行文件为
./binsearch
的程序:
#include <stdio.h>
int binarySearch(int arr[], int l, int r, int x)
{
if (r >= l) {
int mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
if (arr[mid] == x)
return 1;
if (arr[mid] > x)
return binarySearch(arr, l, mid - 1, x);
return binarySearch(arr, mid + 1, r, x);
}
return -1;
}
void swap(int *xp, int *yp)
{
int temp = *xp;
*xp = *yp;
*yp = temp;
}
void sort(int arr[], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) {
if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]) {
swap(&arr[j], &arr[j+1]);
}
}
}
}
int main(void)
{
int n, key, arr[10];
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the elements: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
sort(arr, n);
printf("Enter element to be searched: ");
scanf("%d", &key);
int result = binarySearch(arr, 0, n - 1, key);
if (result == -1) {
printf("Element is not present in array\n");
} else {
printf("Element is present\n");
}
return 0;
}
这是我执行主机程序时的输出:
Starting the main function.
Back to the parent process now, here is its PID: 1734.
Parent process now, retval is 1
In the child process now. The PID of the child is 1735 and the PID of its parent is 1734.
Child process now, retval is 1
Enter the number of elements in the array: 3
Enter the elements: 1 2 3
Enter element to be searched: 2
Element is present
Process terminated normally.
我无法理解这里执行的指令的顺序。第一行之后,
Starting the main function.
为什么父进程的else块会执行?既然 fork 调用是下一条指令,子进程不应该执行吗?
另外,retval 如何反映宿主程序的 else 块中子进程的完成情况?据我所知,它是一个二进制信号量,子进程在开始执行时获取并在完成时释放。但是,我无法弄清楚子进程是如何完成这些工作的。
fork
函数,正如大多数教程和书籍所说,“返回两次”。
在子进程中返回一次,返回值
0
。并且它在父进程中返回一次,带有子进程的pid。
从
fork
返回开始,您就有两个独立的进程,它们同时运行。
但是您也无法控制哪个进程将首先继续,这取决于操作系统。
在您的情况下,父进程似乎继续运行,直到它到达
wait
调用。然后,该调用将等待第一个(或仅在您的情况下)子进程退出。然后才恢复运行。
当父进程陷入
wait
调用时,子进程可以一直运行到完成。此时它将不再存在,操作系统将通过从其 wait
调用返回来继续父进程。