我试图绘制范围为-3到3的对数比率,并希望负比率为绿色,正值为红色,对数比率为0(中心)为白色。 matplotlib中没有预先存在的颜色方案提供此选项,我无法弄清楚如何手动输出漂亮的渐变。
你可以使用LinearSegmentedColormap
创建自己的。我喜欢在上限和下限将红色和绿色通道设置为小于1.0的值,因此颜色不会太亮(这里我用的是0.8)。根据您的口味调整。
有关详细信息,请参阅matplotlib网站上的custom_cmap example。
这是一个有效的例子:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.colors as colors
import numpy as np
# This dictionary defines the colormap
cdict = {'red': ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # no red at 0
(0.5, 1.0, 1.0), # all channels set to 1.0 at 0.5 to create white
(1.0, 0.8, 0.8)), # set to 0.8 so its not too bright at 1
'green': ((0.0, 0.8, 0.8), # set to 0.8 so its not too bright at 0
(0.5, 1.0, 1.0), # all channels set to 1.0 at 0.5 to create white
(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), # no green at 1
'blue': ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # no blue at 0
(0.5, 1.0, 1.0), # all channels set to 1.0 at 0.5 to create white
(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)) # no blue at 1
}
# Create the colormap using the dictionary
GnRd = colors.LinearSegmentedColormap('GnRd', cdict)
# Make a figure and axes
fig,ax = plt.subplots(1)
# Some fake data in the range -3 to 3
dummydata = np.random.rand(5,5)*6.-3.
# Plot the fake data
p=ax.pcolormesh(dummydata,cmap=GnRd,vmin=-3,vmax=3)
# Make a colorbar
fig.colorbar(p,ax=ax)
plt.show()
使用LinearSegmentedColormap
的以下内容如何:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
cmapGR = LinearSegmentedColormap(
'GreenRed',
{
'red': ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
(0.5, 1.0, 1.0),
(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)),
'green':((0.0, 1.0, 1.0),
(0.5, 1.0, 1.0),
( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)),
'blue': ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
(0.5, 1.0, 1.0),
(1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
},)
plt.imshow(np.array([np.arange(200) for i in range(200)]), cmap=cmapGR)
plt.show()
参见例如http://matplotlib.org/examples/pylab_examples/custom_cmap.html有更多用途和其他例子。
使用matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap
的from_list
方法似乎比其他一些答案更直观。
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
cmap=LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('rg',["r", "w", "g"], N=256)
或者更复杂的调整:
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
c = ["darkred","red","lightcoral","white", "palegreen","green","darkgreen"]
v = [0,.15,.4,.5,0.6,.9,1.]
l = list(zip(v,c))
cmap=LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('rg',l, N=256)