Shell 脚本输出格式化 echo

Question

我有如下 shell 脚本的输出

##########################################################
Creation date: 15-03-2022 / 15:03
performed by: user
Environment: E_MTE_04
Reference - Repository: TEST
-BSL Number of documents: XXX
-Syr Number of documents: XXX
-DEB Number of documents: XXX
Candidate - Repository: TEST
-BSL Number of documents: XXX
-Syr Number of documents: XXX
-DEB Number of documents: XXX

我尝试在脚本内将其格式化为等间距，但输出仍然没有均匀的间距。 我想打印如下输出。

##########################################################
Creation date:                     15-03-2022 / 15:03
performed by:                      user
Environment:                       E_MTE_04
Reference - Repository:            TEST
-BSL Number of documents:          XXX
-Syr Number of documents:          XXX
-DEB Number of documents:          XXX
Candidate - Repository:            TEST
-BSL Number of documents:          XXX
-Syr Number of documents:          XXX
-DEB Number of documents:          XXX

是否有任何命令可以完成此操作。我用的是bash。 这是代码。

echo "##########################################################" >> $log
echo Creation date: $today" / $time">> $log
echo performed by: $USER >> $log
echo Environment: $firstEnv >> $log
echo Reference - Repository: $firstParamomsID >> $log
echo -BSL Number of documents: XXX >> $log
echo -Syr Number of documents: XXX >> $log
echo -DEB Number of documents: XXX >> $log
echo Candidate - Repository: $secondParamomsID >> $log
echo -BSL Number of documents: XXX >> $log
echo -Syr Number of documents: XXX >> $log
echo -DEB Number of documents: XXX >> $log

谢谢

Answer 1

使用制表符分隔列，然后使用标准

expand

实用程序使用空格展开制表符。例如，

printf '%s\t%s\n' "Creation date:" "15-03-2022 / 15:03" \
                  "performed by: " "user" \
                  "Environment: " "E_MTE_04" |
  expand -t 20

产生

Creation date:      15-03-2022 / 15:03
performed by:       user
Environment:        E_MTE_04

您唯一需要做的就是确保

-t

选项指定的制表位足够大，可以容纳每列中最长的字符串。

Answer 2

假设您可以更改脚本，一种想法是将

echo

调用替换为

printf

，例如：

设置：

today='15-03-2022'
time='15:03'
USER=user
firstEnv='E_MTE_04'
firstParamomsID='TEST'
secondaryParamomsID='TEST'

我们的

printf

格式字符串：

fmt="%-30s %s\n"

地点：

• %-30%s

  - 在宽度为 30 的左对齐字段中打印第一个参数

• %s\n

  - 打印第二个参数，后跟换行符

替换当前的

echo

代码如下所示：

echo "##########################################################"
printf "${fmt}" "Creation date:" "${today} / ${time}"
printf "${fmt}" "performed by:" "${USER}"
printf "${fmt}" "Environment:" "${firstEnv}"
printf "${fmt}" "Reference - Repository:" "${firstParamomsID}"
printf "${fmt}" "-BSL Number of documents:" "XXX"
printf "${fmt}" "-5yr Number of documents:" "XXX"
printf "${fmt}" "-DEB Number of documents:" "XXX"
printf "${fmt}" "Candidate - Repository:" "${secondaryParamomsID}"
printf "${fmt}" "-BSL Number of documents:" "XXX"
printf "${fmt}" "-5yr Number of documents:" "XXX"
printf "${fmt}" "-DEB Number of documents:" "XXX"

如果所有

printf

调用都在连续行上（即行之间没有其他代码），则可以使用单个

printf

来处理所有字符串；

printf

将重新应用

$fmt

，直到耗尽输入字符串列表，例如：

echo "##########################################################"
printf "${fmt}" "Creation date:"            "${today} / ${time}" \
                "performed by:"             "${USER}" \
                "Environment:"              "${firstEnv}" \
                "Reference - Repository:"   "${firstParamomsID}" \
                "-BSL Number of documents:" "XXX" \
                "-5yr Number of documents:" "XXX" \
                "-DEB Number of documents:" "XXX" \
                "Candidate - Repository:"   "${secondaryParamomsID}" \
                "-BSL Number of documents:" "XXX" \
                "-5yr Number of documents:" "XXX" \
                "-DEB Number of documents:" "XXX"

注意：额外的间距（行首、参数之间）是可选的；我添加了额外的空格以提高可读性

这两者都会生成：

##########################################################
Creation date:                 15-03-2022 / 15:03
performed by:                  user
Environment:                   E_MTE_04
Reference - Repository:        TEST
-BSL Number of documents:      XXX
-5yr Number of documents:      XXX
-DEB Number of documents:      XXX
Candidate - Repository:        TEST
-BSL Number of documents:      XXX
-5yr Number of documents:      XXX
-DEB Number of documents:      XXX

Answer 3

在标签和变量之间添加空格

改变：

echo Creation date: $today" / $time">> $log

致：

echo Creation date:                     $today" / $time">> $log

Answer 4

您还可以使用

column

实用程序，如下所示：

#!/usr/bin/bash

# A few variables, just so that I can view what's going on here:
log=/tmp/toto
today=$(date -I)
time=$(date +%H:%M)
USER="user"
firstEnv="E_MTE_04"
firstParamomsID=TEST
secondParamomsID="TEST"

# First decoration line:
echo "##########################################################" >> ${log}

# Start with a temporary variable:
tmp=""

# Build that variable by appending strings, with a newline (\n) 
# every time; the trick is to insert a special character where you
# want column separators; in this example I chose "|":
tmp+="\nCreation date:|${today} / ${time}"

# Another trick is to add a few extra spaces before the column on 
# one line, so that the output will be more widely distributed;
# this can be done on any line, I just made it on the following one:
tmp+="\nperformed by:                    |${USER}"

# Keep on building the ${tmp} string:
tmp+="\nEnvironment:|$firstEnv"
tmp+="\nReference - Repository:|${firstParamomsID}"
tmp+="\n-BSL Number of documents:|XXX"
tmp+="\n-Syr Number of documents:|XXX"
tmp+="\n-DEB Number of documents:|XXX"
tmp+="\nCandidate - Repository:|${secondParamomsID}"
tmp+="\n-BSL Number of documents:|XXX"
tmp+="\n-Syr Number of documents:|XXX"
tmp+="\n-DEB Number of documents:|XXX"

# Now that the ${tmp} string is built, let's process it:
echo -e "${tmp}" | column -s "|" -t >> ${log}

最后一行的

column

完成了魔法。

请注意，我系统地用 {} 包围了变量；这是一个很好的 一些同事说，练习。