在ansible中我可以使用模块变量而不是使用模块名称吗？

Question

我正在使用 ansible 2.9，我想知道是否可以使用变量而不是实际的模块名称。 例如：

---
- name: A Network play
  hosts: routers
  vars:
    router_module: ios_command
  tasks:
    - name: a network task
      {{router_module}}:
        commands:
          - show ip int brief 

Answer 1

不。您不能对模块使用变量，但可以从模板动态创建包含任务的文件，并将这些文件包含在 playbook 中。例如，请参阅下面的剧本和模板

shell> cat test.yml
- hosts: localhost

  vars:

    pb_tasks:
      - module: debug
        params:
          - {key: var, val: inventory_hostname}
      - module: debug
        params:
          - {key: msg, val: End of dynamic play}

  tasks:

    - file:
        state: directory
        path: tasks

    - template:
        src: task.yml.j2
        dest: tasks/task-{{ ansible_loop.index }}.yml
      loop: "{{ pb_tasks }}"
      loop_control:
        extended: true

    - include_tasks: tasks/task-{{ ansible_loop.index }}.yml
      loop: "{{ pb_tasks }}"
      loop_control:
        extended: true

shell> cat task.yml.j2
- {{ item.module }}:
{% for param in item.params %}
    {{ param.key }}: {{ param.val }}
{% endfor %}

在循环中，任务“模板”使用任务创建文件

shell> tree tasks
tasks
├── task-1.yml
└── task-2.yml

0 directories, 2 files

shell> cat tasks/task-1.yml 
- debug:
    var: inventory_hostname

shell> cat tasks/task-2.yml 
- debug:
    msg: End of dynamic play

剧本中的下一个任务将这些文件包含在循环中。该剧本给出了

shell> ansible-playbook test.yml 

PLAY [localhost] ****

TASK [file] ****
ok: [localhost]

TASK [template] ****
changed: [localhost] => (item={'module': 'debug', 'params': [{'key': 'var', 'val': 'inventory_hostname'}]})
changed: [localhost] => (item={'module': 'debug', 'params': [{'key': 'msg', 'val': 'End of dynamic play'}]})

TASK [include_tasks] ****
included: /scratch/tasks/task-1.yml for localhost
included: /scratch/tasks/task-2.yml for localhost

TASK [debug] ****
ok: [localhost] => {
    "inventory_hostname": "localhost"
}

TASK [debug] ****
ok: [localhost] => {
    "msg": "End of dynamic play"
}

PLAY RECAP ****
localhost: ok=6 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0

---

同样可以通过动态创建的剧本来简化。例如，请参阅下面的剧本和模板

shell> cat test.yml
- name: Create playbook from template
  hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false

  vars:

    pb_tasks:
      - module: debug
        params:
          - {key: var, val: inventory_hostname}
      - module: debug
        params:
          - {key: msg, val: End of play}

  tasks:

    - template:
        src: playbook.yml.j2
        dest: playbook.yml

shell> cat playbook.yml.j2
- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
{% for item in pb_tasks %}
    - {{ item.module }}:
{% for param in item.params %}
        {{ param.key }}: {{ param.val }}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}

任务“模板”创建剧本

shell> cat playbook.yml
- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false

  tasks:

    - debug:
        var: inventory_hostname

    - debug:
        msg: End of play

然后剧本给出了

shell> ansible-playbook playbook.yml

PLAY [localhost] ****

TASK [debug] ****
ok: [localhost] => {
    "inventory_hostname": "localhost"
}

TASK [debug] ****
ok: [localhost] => {
    "msg": "End of play"
}

PLAY RECAP ****
localhost: ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0