matplotlib 在 python 中缺少绘制的 x 值

Question

我搜索了多篇帖子，其中的解决方案可能不相关，也可能不相关，但仍然尝试过，但无法这样做。

我当前的绘图确实绘制了该数字，但它没有显示该年的所有值，我希望它是一个整数。

我的 matplotlib 代码是：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

year, value = 0, 0.0

year = [1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014, 2015, 2016]
value = [26242.5,27906.7,29192.7,30407.5,1564.9,2313.5,2989.4,3668.6,22082.6,29964.2,30481.6,35981.7,39597.6,38659.6, 34325.9,6913.5,35780.6,39111.5,37116.5,35385.5]


plt.plot(year, value)
plt.title('A - Value of apples vs Year')
plt.xlabel('Year')
plt.ylabel('Value of apples')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

当前创建的绘图如下所示：

Answer 1

您可以将

years

列表指定为您期望的 xticks，方法是将它们传递给

plt.xticks

docs。我也随意使用

rotation=45

旋转文本，否则刻度标签会重叠。

虽然这不是你问题的一部分，但我会注意到，

year, value = 0, 0.0

行几乎肯定没有达到你的预期。看起来您想要初始化将由年份和值变量引用的每个列表的类型（int 和 float），但这不是必要的或不可能的。对两个列表的重新分配只会覆盖您原来的分配。如果我误解了你的意图，请继续纠正我。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#year, value = 0, 0.0 -> this line is not doing anything

year = [1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014, 2015, 2016]
value = [26242.5,27906.7,29192.7,30407.5,1564.9,2313.5,2989.4,3668.6,22082.6,29964.2,30481.6,35981.7,39597.6,38659.6, 34325.9,6913.5,35780.6,39111.5,37116.5,35385.5]


plt.plot(year, value)
####
plt.xticks(year, rotation=45)
####
plt.title('A - Value of apples vs Year')
plt.xlabel('Year')
plt.ylabel('Value of apples')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

根据上述更改绘制的图形：

Answer 2

我制作了一个用户界面，用户可以在其中输入数字，但是当我尝试绘制累积成本时，为什么它显示我的第 0 年价值成本为 0 美元，而不是为用户输入的初始资本支出成本。这是代码：

CostComparisonApp 类（tk.Toplevel）： def init（自身，父级）： super().init（父级） self.parent =parent # 存储对父窗口的引用 self.title('成本对比分析') self.create_cost_comparison_interface()

def create_cost_comparison_interface(self):
    # Define the user interface for cost comparison
    ttk.Label(self, text='Truck-Shovel System CAPEX ($):').grid(row=0, column=0)
    ttk.Label(self, text='SMIPCC System CAPEX ($):').grid(row=0, column=1)
    self.capex_ts_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.capex_smipcc_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.capex_ts_entry.grid(row=1, column=0)
    self.capex_smipcc_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)

    ttk.Label(self, text='Truck-Shovel System OPEX ($/hr): ').grid(row=2, column=0)
    ttk.Label(self, text='  SMIPCC System OPEX ($/hr): ').grid(row=2, column=1)
    self.opex_ts_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.opex_smipcc_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.opex_ts_entry.grid(row=3, column=0)
    self.opex_smipcc_entry.grid(row=3, column=1)

    # Additional inputs
    ttk.Label(self, text='Working Hours per Year:').grid(row=4, column=0)
    self.work_hours_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.work_hours_entry.grid(row=4, column=1)

    ttk.Label(self, text='Discount Rate (%):').grid(row=5, column=0)
    self.discount_rate_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.discount_rate_entry.grid(row=5, column=1)

    ttk.Label(self, text='Mine Life (years):').grid(row=6, column=0)
    self.mine_life_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.mine_life_entry.grid(row=6, column=1)
    
    # Input fields for equipment replacement years
    ttk.Label(self, text='Truck-Shovel Replacement Years (comma-separated):').grid(row=7, column=0)
    self.ts_replacement_years_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.ts_replacement_years_entry.grid(row=7, column=1)
    
    ttk.Label(self, text='SMIPCC Replacement Years (comma-separated):').grid(row=8, column=0)
    self.smipcc_replacement_years_entry = ttk.Entry(self)
    self.smipcc_replacement_years_entry.grid(row=8, column=1)

    # Plot button
    ttk.Button(self, text='Plot Costs', command=self.plot_costs).grid(row=9, column=0, columnspan=2)

    # Buttons for calculation and going back
    #ttk.Button(self, text='Calculate and Plot', command=self.plot_costs).grid(row=10, column=0, columnspan=2)
    ttk.Button(self, text='Back', command=self.go_back).grid(row=30, column=0, columnspan=2)

def plot_costs(self):
    # Retrieve values from entries
    capex_ts = float(self.capex_ts_entry.get())
    opex_ts = float(self.opex_ts_entry.get())
    capex_smipcc = float(self.capex_smipcc_entry.get())
    opex_smipcc = float(self.opex_smipcc_entry.get())
    work_hours = float(self.work_hours_entry.get())
    discount_rate = float(self.discount_rate_entry.get()) / 100
    mine_life = int(self.mine_life_entry.get())

# Initialize cumulative cost arrays with initial CAPEX values entered by the user
    ts_cumulative_costs = [capex_ts]
    smipcc_cumulative_costs = [capex_smipcc]

    # Calculate cumulative costs for each year, starting from year 1
    for year in range(1, mine_life + 1):
        discount_factor = (1 + discount_rate) ** year

        # Calculate yearly discounted OPEX
        discounted_opex_ts = opex_ts * work_hours * discount_factor
        discounted_opex_smipcc = opex_smipcc * work_hours * discount_factor

        # Update cumulative costs
        ts_cumulative_cost = ts_cumulative_costs[-1] + capex_ts - discounted_opex_ts
        smipcc_cumulative_cost = smipcc_cumulative_costs[-1] + capex_smipcc - discounted_opex_smipcc

        ts_cumulative_costs.append(ts_cumulative_cost)
        smipcc_cumulative_costs.append(smipcc_cumulative_cost)

    # Retrieve user input for equipment replacement years from the UI
    ts_replacement_years_str = self.ts_replacement_years_entry.get()
    smipcc_replacement_years_str = self.smipcc_replacement_years_entry.get()

    ts_replacement_years = [int(year) for year in ts_replacement_years_str.split(',') if year.strip()]
    smipcc_replacement_years = [int(year) for year in smipcc_replacement_years_str.split(',') if year.strip()]

    # Add replacement costs for the specified years and add opex to the total cost
    for year in ts_replacement_years:
        if 1 <= year <= mine_life:
            replacement_cost = capex_ts * (1 + discount_rate) ** year
            ts_cumulative_costs[year] -= replacement_cost
            ts_cumulative_costs[year] -= discounted_opex_ts  # Add opex to total cost for replacement year

    for year in smipcc_replacement_years:
        if 1 <= year <= mine_life:
            replacement_cost = capex_smipcc * (1 + discount_rate) ** year
            smipcc_cumulative_costs[year] -= replacement_cost
            smipcc_cumulative_costs[year] -= discounted_opex_smipcc  # Add opex to total cost for replacement year

    # Create a figure for the plot
    fig = Figure(figsize=(6, 4), dpi=100)
    plot = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

    # Plotting the cumulative costs, including year 0
    plot.plot(range(mine_life + 1), ts_cumulative_costs, label='Truck-Shovel System')
    plot.plot(range(mine_life + 1), smipcc_cumulative_costs, label='SMIPCC System')
    plot.set_xlabel('Year')
    plot.set_ylabel('Cumulative Cost ($ M)')
    plot.set_title('Cumulative Cost Comparison Over Mine Life')
    plot.legend()
    plot.grid(True)

    # Embedding the plot in the Tkinter window
    canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=self)  # 'self' refers to the Tkinter window
    canvas_widget = canvas.get_tk_widget()
    canvas_widget.grid(row=12, column=0, columnspan=2)
    

    canvas.draw()