为什么我无法安装 Django 频道？

Question

我的操作系统是ubuntu 24.04。我正在尝试在 Django 中创建一个聊天应用程序。为此，我需要 django 通道并尝试使用

pip install channels

命令安装它们。执行此命令后，我收到此错误：

pip install channels
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

我只想用 pip 安装 django 通道以在聊天应用程序中使用它。

Answer 1

您应该使用虚拟环境，因为 Ubuntu 会阻止用户直接在系统中安装 Python 包。 所以只需创建虚拟环境即可：

sudo apt install python3-venv
cd /path/to/yourproject
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate

并将其安装到您的虚拟环境中：

pip install channels