我得到无效的免费和内存泄漏。这是我的代码：
/*=============================================================================
|
| Assignment: Test #2
| Class: Programming Basics
| Date: December 20th, 2017
|
| Language: GNU C (using gcc), OS: Arch Linux x86_64)
| Version: 0.0
| To Compile: gcc -Wall -xc -g -std=c99 kontrolinis2.c -o kontrolinis_2
|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Description: The program which gets the input number, which indicates how
| many words there will be, then prompts the user to enter
| those words, and then displays a histogram in descending
| order by times the word is repeated. The words with the
| same duplicate count are sorted in lexicographical order
|
+===========================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "dbg.h"
#include "lib_riddle.h"
#define MAX_STRING 50
// Frequency structure. Contains the word and the times
// it is repeated
typedef struct Freq {
char* word;
int times;
} Freq;
// Histogram structure. Contains the list of frequencies (struct)
// and the size of the list.
typedef struct Histogram {
Freq** freqs;
int size;
} Histogram;
// sort the portion of the given array of frequency structs
// in lexicographically reverse order (from z to a) by Freq->word attribute.
//
// ::params: target - array continaing frequency structs
// ::params: first - first index of the portion of the array
// ::params: last - last index of the portion of the array
// ::return: Array of frequency structs (portion of which is
// sorted in lexicographically reverse order)
Freq** sort_rlexicographical(Freq** target, int first, int last);
// sort the frequency structs array by their Freq->times
// attribute, using quicksort
//
// ::params: target - the frequency array
// ::params: first - first index of the array
// ::params: first - last index of the array
// ::return: Sorted array of frequency structs
Freq** quicksort_freqs(Freq** target, int first, int last);
// print Frequency array in reverse order, which displays
// the data as in historgram (from bigger to smaller)
//
// ::params: target - the frequency array
// ::params: size - size of the array
void print_reverse(Freq** target, int size);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// get number from the user
int size = get_pos_num("Please enter a number of words > ", 0);
Histogram* histogram = malloc(sizeof(Histogram));
histogram->freqs = malloc(size * sizeof(Freq*));
histogram->size = 0;
char** words = (char**)malloc(size * sizeof(char*));
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
words[i] = (char*)malloc(MAX_STRING * sizeof(char));
}
// get words from the user
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
words[i] = get_word("Enter word > ", words[i]);
}
int duplicates;
int is_duplicate;
int hist_size = 0;
// initialize the array of duplicates
char** duplicated = (char**)malloc(size * sizeof(char*));
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
duplicated[i] = (char*)calloc(MAX_STRING+1, sizeof(char));
/*duplicated[i] = (char*)malloc(MAX_STRING);*/
/*duplicated[i] = (char*)calloc(MAX_STRING + 1, sizeof(char));*/
}
// count the duplicates of each word and add the word with its duplicate count
// to the frequency array, and then - to the histogram struct. Each word is
// writtern once, without duplication.
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
is_duplicate = 0;
// if the word is already added to the duplicate list,
// it means that its duplicates are already counted,
// so the loop iteration is skipped
for (int k = 0; k < size; k++) {
if (strcmp(duplicated[k], words[i]) == 0) {
is_duplicate = 1;
}
}
// skipping the loop iteration
if (is_duplicate) {
continue;
}
// found the word about which we are not yet sure
// whether it has any duplicates.
duplicates = 1;
Freq* freq = malloc(sizeof(Freq));
freq->word = (char*)malloc(sizeof(MAX_STRING * sizeof(char)));
freq->word = words[i];
// searching for the duplicates
for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
if (strcmp(words[i], words[j]) == 0) {
// in case of a duplicate
// put word in duplicates array
// and increase its duplicates count
duplicated[i] = words[i];
duplicates++;
}
}
freq->times = duplicates;
histogram->freqs[histogram->size++] = freq;
hist_size++;
}
debug("Frequency table:");
for (int i = 0; i < hist_size; i++) {
debug("%s %d", histogram->freqs[i]->word, histogram->freqs[i]->times);
}
debug("-----------------------");
histogram->freqs = quicksort_freqs(histogram->freqs, 0, hist_size - 1);
debug("Sorted frequency table:");
for (int i = hist_size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
debug("%s %d", histogram->freqs[i]->word, histogram->freqs[i]->times);
}
debug("-----------------------");
int max_count = histogram->freqs[hist_size - 1]->times;
int index = hist_size - 1;
int index_max;
// partition the frequency array by the same duplicate times, and
// pass the partitioned array to reverse lexicographical sort
// on the go.
for (int i = max_count; i > 0 && index >= 0; i--) {
index_max = index;
if (histogram->freqs[index]->times == i) {
while (index - 1 >= 0 && histogram->freqs[index - 1]->times == i) {
index--;
}
if (index != index_max) {
histogram->freqs = sort_rlexicographical(
histogram->freqs, index, index_max);
}
index--;
}
}
printf("\nLexicographically sorted frequency table:\n");
print_reverse(histogram->freqs, hist_size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
free(duplicated[i]);
}
free(duplicated);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
free(words[i]);
}
free(words);
for (int i = 0; i < hist_size; i++) {
free(histogram->freqs[i]->word);
}
for (int i = 0; i < hist_size; i++) {
free(histogram->freqs[i]);
}
free(histogram->freqs);
free(histogram);
return 0;
}
Freq** quicksort_freqs(Freq** target, int first, int last)
{
Freq* temp;
int pivot, j, i;
if (first < last) {
pivot = first;
i = first;
j = last;
while (i < j) {
while (target[i]->times <= target[pivot]->times && i < last) {
i++;
}
while (target[j]->times > target[pivot]->times) {
j--;
}
if (i < j) {
temp = target[i];
target[i] = target[j];
target[j] = temp;
}
}
temp = target[pivot];
target[pivot] = target[j];
target[j] = temp;
quicksort_freqs(target, first, j - 1);
quicksort_freqs(target, j + 1, last);
}
return target;
}
Freq** sort_rlexicographical(Freq** target, int first, int last)
{
int i, j;
Freq* temp;
for (i = first; i < last; ++i)
for (j = i + 1; j < last + 1; ++j) {
if (strcmp(target[i]->word, target[j]->word) < 0) {
temp = target[i];
target[i] = target[j];
target[j] = temp;
}
}
debug("In lexicographical reverse order:");
for (i = 0; i < last + 1; ++i) {
debug("%s", target[i]->word);
}
debug("-----------------------");
return target;
}
void print_reverse(Freq** target, int size) {
for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
printf("%s ", target[i]->word);
printf("%d \n", target[i]->times);
}
}
点数无效：
196 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
197 free(words[i]);
198 }
和：
201 for (int i = 0; i < hist_size; i++) {
202 free(histogram->freqs[i]->word);
203 }
我的行动计划：
➜ tmp1 ./kontrolinis2
Please enter a number of words > 4
Enter word > test1
Enter word > test1
Enter word > test2
Enter word > test2
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:150: Frequency table:
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:152: test1 2
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:152: test2 2
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:154: -----------------------
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:158: Sorted frequency table:
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:160: test1 2
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:160: test2 2
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:162: -----------------------
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:264: In lexicographical reverse order:
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:266: test2
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:266: test1
DEBUG kontrolinis2.c:268: -----------------------
Lexicographically sorted frequency table:
test1 2
test2 2
Valgrind输出（使用相同的“用户”输入）：
Lexicographically sorted frequency table:
test1 2
test2 2
==9430== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] / realloc()
==9430== at 0x4C2E14B: free (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==9430== by 0x1091D4: main (kontrolinis2.c:197)
==9430== Address 0x51f19d0 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 50 free'd
==9430== at 0x4C2E14B: free (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==9430== by 0x109194: main (kontrolinis2.c:192)
==9430== Block was alloc'd at
==9430== at 0x4C2CE5F: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==9430== by 0x108C77: main (kontrolinis2.c:89)
==9430==
==9430== Invalid free() / delete / delete[] / realloc()
==9430== at 0x4C2E14B: free (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==9430== by 0x109217: main (kontrolinis2.c:202)
==9430== Address 0x51f1ad0 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 50 free'd
==9430== at 0x4C2E14B: free (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==9430== by 0x109194: main (kontrolinis2.c:192)
==9430== Block was alloc'd at
==9430== at 0x4C2CE5F: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==9430== by 0x108C77: main (kontrolinis2.c:89)
==9430==
==9430==
==9430== HEAP SUMMARY:
==9430== in use at exit: 118 bytes in 4 blocks
==9430== total heap usage: 18 allocs, 18 frees, 2,612 bytes allocated
==9430==
==9430== 16 bytes in 2 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 2
==9430== at 0x4C2CE5F: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==9430== by 0x108DC7: main (kontrolinis2.c:133)
==9430==
==9430== 102 bytes in 2 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 2 of 2
==9430== at 0x4C2EF35: calloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==9430== by 0x108D23: main (kontrolinis2.c:104)
==9430==
==9430== LEAK SUMMARY:
==9430== definitely lost: 118 bytes in 4 blocks
==9430== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==9430== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==9430== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==9430== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==9430==
==9430== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==9430== ERROR SUMMARY: 6 errors from 4 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
纠正我是否应该粘贴整个程序，而不是它的主要部分，或某种工作原型。但是，这里的主要细节是包含关键字“malloc”和“free”的行。
更新：在库中附加两个函数，用于此处：“get_pos_num”和“get_word”：
char* get_word(char* message, char* output)
{
while (1) {
printf("%s", message);
if (scanf("%s", output) == 1 && getchar() == '\n') {
break;
} else {
while (getchar() != '\n')
;
printf("Error: not a string, or too many arguments\n");
}
}
return output;
}
int get_pos_num(char* message, int zero_allowed)
{
int num;
int margin;
if (zero_allowed) {
margin = 0;
} else {
margin = 1;
}
while (1) {
printf("%s", message);
if (scanf("%d", &num) == 1 && getchar() == '\n') {
if (num >= margin) {
break;
} else {
printf("Error: number is not positive");
if (zero_allowed) {
printf(" or zero");
}
printf("\n");
}
} else {
while (getchar() != '\n')
;
printf("Error: not a number\n");
}
}
return num;
}
那么显而易见的问题是：
freq->word = (char*)malloc(sizeof(MAX_STRING * sizeof(char)));
freq->word = words[i];
你为freq->word分配内存并用words[i]覆盖它。
你稍后释放words然后释放你分配到freq结构的许多histogram。
如果你想复制words[i]，你应该使用
freq->word = strdup(words[i]);
要么
freq->word = malloc(strlen(words[i])+1);
strcpy(freq->word,words[i]);
还注意到你也在这里做同样的事情
duplicated[i] = words[i];
当你忘记分配的内存时，两者都会导致内存泄漏。
而另一件事（我今天似乎是科伦坡）是你的
在qazxsw poi上面的qazxsw poi应该只是qazxsw poi。不确定你会得到什么结果，但它要么是4个或8个字节。