在下面的代码中,如果存在
@classmethod
注释,则允许内部 def new()
代替目标的 __new__()
——但该类会传递两次。如果 @classmethod
被删除,那么我们会收到类似“”的错误。 @classmethod
在这里做什么?有没有办法不用它? (我的动机是清晰:我不理解的代码看起来像是等待发生的事故。)
"""Namedtuple annotation.
Creates a namedtuple out of a class, based on the signature of that class's
__init__ function. Defaults are respected. After namedtuple's initializer is
run, the original __init__ is run as well, allowing one to assign synthetic
parameters and internal book-keeping variables.
The class must not have varargs or keyword args.
"""
import collections
import inspect
def namedtuple(cls):
argspec = inspect.getargspec(cls.__init__)
assert argspec.varargs is None
assert argspec.keywords is None
non_self_args = argspec.args[1:]
# Now we can create the new class definition, based on a namedtuple.
bases = (collections.namedtuple(cls.__name__, non_self_args), cls)
namespace = {'__doc__': cls.__doc__}
newcls = type(cls.__name__, bases, namespace)
# Here we set up the new class's __new__, which hands off to namedtuple's
# after setting defaults.
@classmethod
def new(*args, **kwargs):
kls, _kls_again = args[:2] # The class is passed twice...?
# Resolve default assignments with this utility from inspect.
values = inspect.getcallargs(cls.__init__, None, *args[2:], **kwargs)
values = [values[_] for _ in non_self_args]
obj = super(newcls, kls).__new__(kls, *values)
cls.__init__(obj, *values) # Allow initialization to occur
return obj
# The @classmethod annotation is necessary because otherwise we get an
# error like "unbound method new takes a class instance".
newcls.__new__ = new
return newcls
__new__
被视为 static 方法,而不是类方法,并且在由 Python 调用时直接在类上查找。 Python 显式地传入类对象作为第一个参数。请参阅文档:
是一个静态方法(特殊情况,因此您不需要这样声明),它将请求实例的类作为其第一个参数__new__()
通过使其成为类方法,该方法将绑定到类,并且除了显式类之外,还会自动传入该类,这就是为什么您会获得两次。 classmethod
对象是一个descriptor(
staticmethod
、
function
和
property
对象也是如此),它是触发绑定行为的类或实例的查找。您不应该使用
classmethod
。 Python 在创建类时将其设为静态方法,因此如果您要使用
def new(*args, **kwargs):
# ...
namespace = {'__doc__': cls.__doc__, '__new__': new}
newcls = type(cls.__name__, bases, namespace)
而不是事后将其设置在类上,然后省略
@classmethod
装饰器就足够了:
def new(*args, **kwargs):
kls = args[0]
# Resolve default assignments with this utility from inspect.
values = inspect.getcallargs(cls.__init__, None, *args[1:], **kwargs)
values = [values[_] for _ in non_self_args]
obj = super(newcls, kls).__new__(kls, *values)
cls.__init__(obj, *values) # Allow initialization to occur
return obj
或者,手动将其设为
staticmethod
:
@staticmethod
def new(*args, **kwargs):
# ...
newcls.__new__ = new
考虑到
namedtuple
生成的类是immutable,因此如果影子类
__init__
方法尝试使用与
__init__
参数相同的名称设置参数,您将得到
AttributeError
异常.