我试图在 Delphi 中实现类似于 Javascript 的
setTimeout()
过程的行为:延迟几秒钟后运行。为此,我在运行时创建一个 TTimer
,运行它,然后释放它。
这是我的代码:
procedure createAndRunTimer();
procedure goTimer(Sender: TObject);
begin
(sender as ttimer).enabled := false;
// do stuff here
sender.free;
end;
var
t : TTimer;
begin
t := TTimer.Create(frmprinc);
t.Interval := 5000;
t.OnTimer := goTimer(t);
end;
但是我的代码无法编译,编译器返回以下错误:
[DCC错误]unit1.pas(2153):E2010不兼容的类型:'TNotifyEvent'和'过程,无类型指针或无类型参数'”
有什么提示吗?
TNotifyEvent
声明为:
TNotifyEvent = procedure(Sender: TObject) of object;
of object
使其成为闭包,这是一种特殊类型的方法指针,它带有两个指针——一个指向对象的指针,以及一个指向在该对象上调用的非静态类方法的指针。 因此,您不能将独立函数(当然也不能将嵌套函数)直接分配给 TNotifyEvent
。 这就是编译器抱怨的地方。
因此,您需要声明一个类来包装您的
OnTimer
事件处理程序,例如:
type
TTimerEvents = class
public
procedure goTimer(Sender: TObject);
end;
procedure TTimerEvents.goTimer(Sender: TObject);
begin
(Sender as TTimer).Enabled := false;
// do stuff here
// NOTE: you cannot destroy the Sender object from here, you must delay
// the destruction until after this handler exits! You can post a
// custom window message via PostMessage() and have the message handler
// call Sender.Free(). Or, you can use a worker thread to call
// Sender.Free() via TThread.Synchronize() (or TThread.Queue() in Delphi
// 8 and later). Or, in Delphi 10.2 Tokyo and later, you can call
// Sender.Free() via TThread.ForceQueue(). Or, use whatever other
// mechanism you want to use to call Sender.Free(), as long as it works
// asynchronously and calls Sender.Free() in the same thread that
// constructed the TTimer object ...
end;
var
events: TTimerEvents;
procedure createAndRunTimer();
var
t : TTimer;
begin
t := TTimer.Create(frmprinc);
t.Interval := 5000;
t.OnTimer := events.goTimer;
t.Enabled := True;
end;
initialization
events := TTimerEvents.Create;
finalization
events.Free;
或者,您可以使用
class
方法,这样您就不需要包装类的实际实例:
type
TTimerEvents = class
public
class procedure goTimer(Sender: TObject);
end;
class procedure TTimerEvents.goTimer(Sender: TObject);
begin
(Sender as TTimer).Enabled := false;
// do stuff here
// delay-destroy the Sender as needed ...
end;
procedure createAndRunTimer();
var
t : TTimer;
begin
t := TTimer.Create(frmprinc);
t.Interval := 5000;
t.OnTimer := TTimerEvents.goTimer;
t.Enabled := True;
end;
或者,在 Delphi 2006 及更高版本中,您可以使用 类帮助器:
type
TTimerHelper = class helper for TTimer
public
procedure goTimer(Sender: TObject);
end;
procedure TTimerHelper.goTimer(Sender: TObject);
begin
(Sender as TTimer).Enabled := false;
// do stuff here
// delay-destroy the Sender as needed ...
end;
procedure createAndRunTimer();
var
t : TTimer;
begin
t := TTimer.Create(frmprinc);
t.Interval := 5000;
t.OnTimer := t.goTimer;
t.Enabled := True;
end;
话虽如此,IS 有一种方法可以使用独立函数而不使用任何类包装器:
procedure goTimer(Self: Pointer; Sender: TObject);
begin
(Sender as TTimer).Enabled := false;
// do stuff here
// delay-destroy the Sender as needed ...
end;
procedure createAndRunTimer();
var
t : TTimer;
event : TNotifyEvent;
begin
t := TTimer.Create(frmprinc);
t.Interval := 5000;
TMethod(event).Data := nil; // or whatever you want to pass to the Self parameter...
TMethod(event).Code := @goTimer;
t.OnTimer := event;
t.Enabled := True;
end;
事实上,你已经很接近了。该错误消息只是有些误导性。基本上,您需要做的就是在过程调用中省略参数,它就会起作用。下面是一个示例:
procedure TMyClass.createAndRunTimer;
var
t : TTimer;
begin
t := TTimer.Create;
t.Interval := 5000;
t.OnTimer := goTimer; // omit the (t) here
end;
procedure TMyClass.goTimer(Sender: TObject);
begin
// do stuff here
end;
我使用了 Torry 的这个过程作为延迟,它在执行时不会锁定线程:
procedure Delay(dwMilliseconds: Longint);
var
iStart, iStop: DWORD;
begin
iStart := GetTickCount;
repeat
iStop := GetTickCount;
Application.ProcessMessages;
Sleep(1);
until (iStop - iStart) >= dwMilliseconds;
end;