带有命名参数的 vsprintf 或 sprintf，或者 PHP 中的简单模板解析

问题描述 投票：0回答：10

我正在寻找一种将 命名参数 用作 

sprintf
或 
printf
的方法。

示例：

sprintf(
  'Last time logged in was %hours hours, 
   %minutes minutes, %seconds seconds ago'
  ,$hours,$minutes, $seconds
);

或通过 

vsprintf
和关联数组。

我在这里找到了一些编码示例

function sprintfn ($format, array $args = array())

http://php.net/manual/de/function.sprintf.php

还有这里

function vnsprintf( $format, array $data)

http://php.net/manual/de/function.vsprintf.php

人们编写自己的解决方案。

有内置的PHP函数可以实现这个功能吗？

php templates printf named-parameters
10个回答
45
投票

迟到了，但你可以简单地使用 strtr 来“翻译字符或替换子字符串”

<?php

$hours = 2;
$minutes = 24;
$seconds = 35;

// Option 1: Replacing %variable
echo strtr(
    'Last time logged in was %hours hours, %minutes minutes, %seconds seconds ago',
    [
        '%hours' => $hours,
        '%minutes' => $minutes,
        '%seconds' => $seconds
    ]
);

// Option 2: Alternative replacing {variable}
echo strtr(
    'Last time logged in was  {hours} hours, {minutes} minutes, {seconds} seconds ago',
    [
        '{hours}' => $hours,
        '{minutes}' => $minutes,
        '{seconds}' => $seconds
    ]
);

// Option 3: Using an array with variables:
$data = [
    '{hours}' => 2,
    '{minutes}' => 24,
    '{seconds}' => 35,
];

echo strtr('Last time logged in was {hours} hours, {minutes} minutes, {seconds} seconds ago', $data);

// More options: Of course you can replace any string....

输出以下内容：

上次登录时间是 2 小时 24 分 35 秒前

21
投票

我已经专门针对这个需求编写了一个小组件。它被称为StringTemplate。 有了它，您可以通过如下代码获得您想要的东西：

$engine = new StringTemplate\Engine;

$engine->render(
   'Last time logged in was {hours} hours, {minutes} minutes, {seconds} seconds ago',
   [
      'hours' => '08',
      'minutes' => 23,
      'seconds' => 12,
   ]
);
//Prints "Last time logged in was 08 hours, 23 minutes, 12 seconds ago"

希望能有所帮助。

16
投票

据我所知 printf/sprintf 不接受 assoc 数组。

但是可以做到

printf('%1$d %1$d', 1);

总比没有好;)

7
投票

这是来自 php.net 

function vnsprintf( $format, array $data)
{
    preg_match_all( '/ (?<!%) % ( (?: [[:alpha:]_-][[:alnum:]_-]* | ([-+])? [0-9]+ (?(2) (?:\.[0-9]+)? | \.[0-9]+ ) ) ) \$ [-+]? \'? .? -? [0-9]* (\.[0-9]+)? \w/x', $format, $match, PREG_SET_ORDER | PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
    $offset = 0;
    $keys = array_keys($data);
    foreach( $match as &$value )
    {
        if ( ( $key = array_search( $value[1][0], $keys, TRUE) ) !== FALSE || ( is_numeric( $value[1][0] ) && ( $key = array_search( (int)$value[1][0], $keys, TRUE) ) !== FALSE) )
        {
            $len = strlen( $value[1][0]);
            $format = substr_replace( $format, 1 + $key, $offset + $value[1][1], $len);
            $offset -= $len - strlen( 1 + $key);
        }
    }
    return vsprintf( $format, $data);
}

示例：

$example = array(
    0 => 'first',
    'second' => 'second',
    'third',
    4.2 => 'fourth',
    'fifth',
    -6.7 => 'sixth',
    'seventh',
    'eighth',
    '9' => 'ninth',
    'tenth' => 'tenth',
    '-11.3' => 'eleventh',
    'twelfth'
);

echo vnsprintf( '%1$s %2$s %3$s %4$s %5$s %6$s %7$s %8$s %9$s %10$s %11$s %12$s<br />', $example); // acts like vsprintf
echo vnsprintf( '%+0$s %second$s %+1$s %+4$s %+5$s %-6.5$s %+6$s %+7$s %+9$s %tenth$s %-11.3$s %+10$s<br />', $example);

示例2：

$examples = array(
    2.8=>'positiveFloat',    // key = 2 , 1st value
    -3=>'negativeInteger',    // key = -3 , 2nd value
    'my_name'=>'someString'    // key = my_name , 3rd value
);

echo vsprintf( "%%my_name\$s = '%my_name\$s'\n", $examples);    // [unsupported]
echo vnsprintf( "%%my_name\$s = '%my_name\$s'\n", $examples);    // output : "someString"

echo vsprintf( "%%2.5\$s = '%2.5\$s'\n", $examples);        // [unsupported]
echo vnsprintf( "%%2.5\$s = '%2.5\$s'\n", $examples);        // output : "positiveFloat"

echo vsprintf( "%%+2.5\$s = '%+2.5\$s'\n", $examples);        // [unsupported]
echo vnsprintf( "%%+2.5\$s = '%+2.5\$s'\n", $examples);        // output : "positiveFloat"

echo vsprintf( "%%-3.2\$s = '%-3.2\$s'\n", $examples);        // [unsupported]
echo vnsprintf( "%%-3.2\$s = '%-3.2\$s'\n", $examples);        // output : "negativeInteger"

echo vsprintf( "%%2\$s = '%2\$s'\n", $examples);            // output : "negativeInteger"
echo vnsprintf( "%%2\$s = '%2\$s'\n", $examples);            // output : [= vsprintf]

echo vsprintf( "%%+2\$s = '%+2\$s'\n", $examples);        // [unsupported]
echo vnsprintf( "%%+2\$s = '%+2\$s'\n", $examples);        // output : "positiveFloat"

echo vsprintf( "%%-3\$s = '%-3\$s'\n", $examples);        // [unsupported]
echo vnsprintf( "%%-3\$s = '%-3\$s'\n", $examples);        // output : "negativeInteger"
5
投票

我知道这个问题已经解决太久了，但也许我的解决方案足够简单，但对其他人有用。

通过这个小功能，您可以模仿一个简单的模板系统：

function parse_html($html, $args) {

  foreach($args as $key => $val) $html = str_replace("#[$key]", $val, $html);

  return $html;
}

像这样使用它：

$html = '<h1>Hello, #[name]</h1>';
$args = array('name' => 'John Appleseed';

echo parse_html($html,$args);

这将输出：

<h1>Hello, John Appleseed</h1>

也许并不适合所有人和每种情况，但它救了我。

4
投票

查看 drupal 的实现

https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21bootstrap.inc/function/format_string/7

很简单，不使用正则表达式

function format_string($string, array $args = array()) {
  // Transform arguments before inserting them.
  foreach ($args as $key => $value) {
    switch ($key[0]) {
      case '@':
        // Escaped only.
        $args[$key] = check_plain($value);
        break;

      case '%':
      default:
        // Escaped and placeholder.
        $args[$key] = drupal_placeholder($value);
        break;

      case '!':
        // Pass-through.
    }
  }
  return strtr($string, $args);
}

function drupal_placeholder($text) {
  return '<em class="placeholder">' . check_plain($text) . '</em>';
}

示例：

$unformatted = 'Hello, @name';
$formatted = format_string($unformatted, array('@name' => 'John'));
4
投票

自 5.3 起，因为 

use
关键字：

此功能支持格式化{{var}}或{{dict.key}}，您可以将

{{}}
更改为
{}
等以匹配您的喜好。

function formatString($str, $data) {
    return preg_replace_callback('#{{(\w+?)(\.(\w+?))?}}#', function($m) use ($data){
        return count($m) === 2 ? $data[$m[1]] : $data[$m[1]][$m[3]];
    }, $str);
}

示例：

$str = "This is {{name}}, I am {{age}} years old, I have a cat called {{pets.cat}}.";
$dict = [
    'name' => 'Jim',
    'age' => 20,
    'pets' => ['cat' => 'huang', 'dog' => 'bai']
];
echo formatString($str, $dict);

输出：

我是吉姆，我今年20岁，我有一只猫叫黄。

4
投票

这就是我正在使用的：

$arr = ['a' => 'happy','b' => 'funny'];

$templ = "I m a [a] and [b] person";

$r = array_walk($arr,function($i,$k) use(&$templ){
    $templ = str_replace("[$k]",$i,$templ);
} );

var_dump($templ);
2
投票

恕我直言，这确实是最好的方法。没有神秘字符，只需使用键名即可！

摘自 php 站点： http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.vsprintf.php

function dsprintf() {
  $data = func_get_args(); // get all the arguments
  $string = array_shift($data); // the string is the first one
  if (is_array(func_get_arg(1))) { // if the second one is an array, use that
    $data = func_get_arg(1);
  }
  $used_keys = array();
  // get the matches, and feed them to our function
  $string = preg_replace('/\%\((.*?)\)(.)/e',
    'dsprintfMatch(\'$1\',\'$2\',\$data,$used_keys)',$string);
  $data = array_diff_key($data,$used_keys); // diff the data with the used_keys
  return vsprintf($string,$data); // yeah!
}

function dsprintfMatch($m1,$m2,&$data,&$used_keys) {
  if (isset($data[$m1])) { // if the key is there
    $str = $data[$m1];
    $used_keys[$m1] = $m1; // dont unset it, it can be used multiple times
    return sprintf("%".$m2,$str); // sprintf the string, so %s, or %d works like it should
  } else {
    return "%".$m2; // else, return a regular %s, or %d or whatever is used
  }
}

$str = <<<HITHERE
Hello, %(firstName)s, I know your favorite PDA is the %(pda)s. You must have bought %(amount)s
HITHERE;

$dataArray = array(
  'pda'         => 'Newton 2100',
  'firstName'   => 'Steve',
  'amount'      => '200'
);
echo dsprintf($str, $dataArray);
// Hello, Steve, I know your favorite PDA is the Newton 2100. You must have bought 200
0
投票

您需要避免在自定义函数中使用 %，因为它可能会干扰其他实现，例如 SQL 中的日期格式，所以...

function replace(string $string, iterable $replacements): string
{
    return str_replace(
        array_map(
            function($k) {
                return sprintf("{%s}", $k);
            },
            array_keys($replacements)
        ),
        array_values($replacements),
        $string
    );      
}

$string1 = 'Mary had a little {0}. Its {1} was white as {2}.';

echo replace($string1, ['lamb', 'fleece', 'snow']);

$string2 = 'Mary had a little {animal}. Its {coat} was white as {color}.';

echo replace($string2, ['animal' => 'lamb', 'coat' => 'fleece', 'color' => 'snow']);

$string1：玛丽有一只小羊羔。它的羊毛洁白如雪。
$string2：玛丽有一只小羊羔。它的羊毛洁白如雪。

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