在Linux下,我的C ++应用程序使用fork()和execv()来启动OpenOffice的多个实例,以便查看一些powerpoint幻灯片放映。这部分有效。
接下来,我希望能够将OpenOffice窗口移动到显示器上的特定位置。我可以使用XMoveResizeWindow()函数执行此操作,但我需要为每个实例找到Window。
我有每个实例的进程ID,如何从中找到X11窗口?
更新 - 感谢Andy的建议,我已将其撤下。我在这里发布代码以与Stack Overflow社区共享它。
不幸的是,Open Office似乎没有设置_NET_WM_PID属性,所以这并不能最终解决我的问题,但它确实回答了这个问题。
// Attempt to identify a window by name or attribute.
// by Adam Pierce <[email protected]>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
class WindowsMatchingPid
{
public:
WindowsMatchingPid(Display *display, Window wRoot, unsigned long pid)
: _display(display)
, _pid(pid)
{
// Get the PID property atom.
_atomPID = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_WM_PID", True);
if(_atomPID == None)
{
cout << "No such atom" << endl;
return;
}
search(wRoot);
}
const list<Window> &result() const { return _result; }
private:
unsigned long _pid;
Atom _atomPID;
Display *_display;
list<Window> _result;
void search(Window w)
{
// Get the PID for the current Window.
Atom type;
int format;
unsigned long nItems;
unsigned long bytesAfter;
unsigned char *propPID = 0;
if(Success == XGetWindowProperty(_display, w, _atomPID, 0, 1, False, XA_CARDINAL,
&type, &format, &nItems, &bytesAfter, &propPID))
{
if(propPID != 0)
{
// If the PID matches, add this window to the result set.
if(_pid == *((unsigned long *)propPID))
_result.push_back(w);
XFree(propPID);
}
}
// Recurse into child windows.
Window wRoot;
Window wParent;
Window *wChild;
unsigned nChildren;
if(0 != XQueryTree(_display, w, &wRoot, &wParent, &wChild, &nChildren))
{
for(unsigned i = 0; i < nChildren; i++)
search(wChild[i]);
}
}
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc < 2)
return 1;
int pid = atoi(argv[1]);
cout << "Searching for windows associated with PID " << pid << endl;
// Start with the root window.
Display *display = XOpenDisplay(0);
WindowsMatchingPid match(display, XDefaultRootWindow(display), pid);
// Print the result.
const list<Window> &result = match.result();
for(list<Window>::const_iterator it = result.begin(); it != result.end(); it++)
cout << "Window #" << (unsigned long)(*it) << endl;
return 0;
}
我知道这样做的唯一方法是遍历窗户树,直到找到你要找的东西。遍历并不难(如果你需要一个例子,只需看看xwininfo -root -tree通过查看xwininfo.c来做什么)。
但是,您如何识别您正在寻找的窗口?某些应用程序设置了一个名为_NET_WM_PID的窗口属性。
我相信OpenOffice是设置该属性的应用程序之一(就像大多数Gnome应用程序一样),所以你很幸运。
检查/ proc / PID / environ是否包含名为WINDOWID的变量
派对迟到了。但是:早在2004年,Harald Welte发布了一个代码片段,它通过LD_PRELOAD包装XCreateWindow()调用,并将进程ID存储在_NET_WM_PID中。这可确保创建的每个窗口都有一个PID条目。
尝试安装xdotool
,然后:
#!/bin/bash
# --any and --name present only as a work-around, see: https://github.com/jordansissel/xdotool/issues/14
ids=$(xdotool search --any --pid "$1" --name "dummy")
我确实得到了很多ID。使用程序seturgent
,当使用长命令完成时,我使用它将终端窗口设置为紧急。我只是循环遍历从xdotool
获得的所有id并在它们上运行seturgent
。
没有好办法。我看到的唯一真正的选择是:
您确定拥有每个实例的进程ID吗?我对OOo的体验是,尝试运行OOo的第二个实例只是与OOo的第一个实例交谈,并告诉它打开附加文件。
我认为您将需要使用X的消息发送功能来很好地询问它的窗口。我希望OOo在某处记录其封面。
如果你使用python,我找到了一种方式here,这个想法是来自BurntSushi
如果您启动了应用程序,那么您应该知道它的cmd字符串,您可以使用它来减少对xprop
的调用,您可以随时遍历所有xid并检查pid是否与您想要的pid相同
import subprocess
import re
import struct
import xcffib as xcb
import xcffib.xproto
def get_property_value(property_reply):
assert isinstance(property_reply, xcb.xproto.GetPropertyReply)
if property_reply.format == 8:
if 0 in property_reply.value:
ret = []
s = ''
for o in property_reply.value:
if o == 0:
ret.append(s)
s = ''
else:
s += chr(o)
else:
ret = str(property_reply.value.buf())
return ret
elif property_reply.format in (16, 32):
return list(struct.unpack('I' * property_reply.value_len,
property_reply.value.buf()))
return None
def getProperty(connection, ident, propertyName):
propertyType = eval(' xcb.xproto.Atom.%s' % propertyName)
try:
return connection.core.GetProperty(False, ident, propertyType,
xcb.xproto.GetPropertyType.Any,
0, 2 ** 32 - 1)
except:
return None
c = xcb.connect()
root = c.get_setup().roots[0].root
_NET_CLIENT_LIST = c.core.InternAtom(True, len('_NET_CLIENT_LIST'),
'_NET_CLIENT_LIST').reply().atom
raw_clientlist = c.core.GetProperty(False, root, _NET_CLIENT_LIST,
xcb.xproto.GetPropertyType.Any,
0, 2 ** 32 - 1).reply()
clientlist = get_property_value(raw_clientlist)
cookies = {}
for ident in clientlist:
wm_command = getProperty(c, ident, 'WM_COMMAND')
cookies[ident] = (wm_command)
xids=[]
for ident in cookies:
cmd = get_property_value(cookies[ident].reply())
if cmd and spref in cmd:
xids.append(ident)
for xid in xids:
pid = subprocess.check_output('xprop -id %s _NET_WM_PID' % xid, shell=True)
pid = re.search('(?<=\s=\s)\d+', pid).group()
if int(pid) == self.pid:
print 'found pid:', pid
break
print 'your xid:', xid
我使用一些现代的C ++特性自由地重新实现了OP的代码。它保持相同的功能,但我认为它看起来更好一点。即使矢量插入恰好抛出,它也不会泄漏。
// Attempt to identify a window by name or attribute.
// originally written by Adam Pierce <[email protected]>
// revised by Dario Pellegrini <[email protected]>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
std::vector<Window> pid2windows(pid_t pid, Display* display, Window w) {
struct implementation {
struct FreeWrapRAII {
void * data;
FreeWrapRAII(void * data): data(data) {}
~FreeWrapRAII(){ XFree(data); }
};
std::vector<Window> result;
pid_t pid;
Display* display;
Atom atomPID;
implementation(pid_t pid, Display* display): pid(pid), display(display) {
// Get the PID property atom
atomPID = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_WM_PID", True);
if(atomPID == None) {
throw std::runtime_error("pid2windows: no such atom");
}
}
std::vector<Window> getChildren(Window w) {
Window wRoot;
Window wParent;
Window *wChild;
unsigned nChildren;
std::vector<Window> children;
if(0 != XQueryTree(display, w, &wRoot, &wParent, &wChild, &nChildren)) {
FreeWrapRAII tmp( wChild );
children.insert(children.end(), wChild, wChild+nChildren);
}
return children;
}
void emplaceIfMatches(Window w) {
// Get the PID for the given Window
Atom type;
int format;
unsigned long nItems;
unsigned long bytesAfter;
unsigned char *propPID = 0;
if(Success == XGetWindowProperty(display, w, atomPID, 0, 1, False, XA_CARDINAL,
&type, &format, &nItems, &bytesAfter, &propPID)) {
if(propPID != 0) {
FreeWrapRAII tmp( propPID );
if(pid == *reinterpret_cast<pid_t*>(propPID)) {
result.emplace_back(w);
}
}
}
}
void recurse( Window w) {
emplaceIfMatches(w);
for (auto & child: getChildren(w)) {
recurse(child);
}
}
std::vector<Window> operator()( Window w ) {
result.clear();
recurse(w);
return result;
}
};
//back to pid2windows function
return implementation{pid, display}(w);
}
std::vector<Window> pid2windows(const size_t pid, Display* display) {
return pid2windows(pid, display, XDefaultRootWindow(display));
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if(argc < 2)
return 1;
int pid = atoi(argv[1]);
std::cout << "Searching for windows associated with PID " << pid << std::endl;
// Start with the root window.
Display *display = XOpenDisplay(0);
auto res = pid2windows(pid, display);
// Print the result.
for( auto & w: res) {
std::cout << "Window #" << static_cast<unsigned long>(w) << std::endl;
}
XCloseDisplay(display);
return 0;
}