如何在 Python 中构建 SQLite 数据库来查询药品库存的条件并处理同义词

Question

我正在为一家药房开发一个项目，需要用 Python 构建一个 SQLite 数据库，以便根据所治疗的医疗状况（例如头痛、感冒等）快速查询产品库存。产品列表由大约 4000 个项目组成，我想实现一个系统，在该系统中搜索条件也会返回同义条件的产品。例如：

•   A search for “flu” should return products for “influenza.”
•   A search for “fever” should return products for “high temperature.”
•   A search for “stomach ache” should return products for “abdominal pain.”
•   A search for “runny nose” should return products for “rhinorrhea.”

我已经编写了创建产品表的基本代码，但我不确定如何构建数据库以有效支持条件同义词查询。

我尝试过的代码：

import sqlite3

# Connect to the database (or create it if it doesn't exist)
conn = sqlite3.connect('pharmacy.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Create product table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE products (
    product_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT,
    condition TEXT,
    quantity_in_stock INTEGER
)
''')

# Insert sample product
cursor.execute('''
INSERT INTO products (name, condition, quantity_in_stock)
VALUES ('Paracetamol', 'headache', 50)
''')

conn.commit()
conn.close()

我的问题是：

• 如何修改数据库结构以有效支持查询条件及其同义词？

Answer 1

我认为条件和同义词表将允许您通过将产品链接到条件，然后将条件与各种同义词链接来处理同义词查找。

产品表：您已经存储产品详细信息的表

条件表：存储医疗条件。

同义词表：存储医疗状况的同义词。

Product_Conditions 表：将产品与一个或多个条件相关联的链接表

import sqlite3

# Connect to the database (or create it if it doesn't exist)
conn = sqlite3.connect('pharmacy.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()

# Create product table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS products (
    product_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT,
    quantity_in_stock INTEGER
)
''')

# Create conditions table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS conditions (
    condition_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    condition_name TEXT UNIQUE
)
''')

# Create synonyms table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS synonyms (
    synonym_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    synonym_name TEXT UNIQUE,
    condition_id INTEGER,
    FOREIGN KEY (condition_id) REFERENCES conditions(condition_id)
)
''')

# Create product_conditions table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS product_conditions (
    product_condition_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    product_id INTEGER,
    condition_id INTEGER,
    FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products(product_id),
    FOREIGN KEY (condition_id) REFERENCES conditions(condition_id)
)
''')

# Insert conditions
cursor.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO conditions (condition_name) VALUES ('flu'), ('headache')")
cursor.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO conditions (condition_name) VALUES ('fever'), ('cold')")

# Insert synonyms
cursor.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO synonyms (synonym_name, condition_id) VALUES ('influenza', 1), ('high temperature', 3)")

# Insert product and associate it with a condition
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO products (name, quantity_in_stock) VALUES ('Paracetamol', 50)")
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO product_conditions (product_id, condition_id) VALUES (1, 2)")  # Paracetamol for headache

conn.commit()
conn.close()

搜索示例：

def search_products_by_condition(condition_name):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('pharmacy.db')
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    query = '''
    SELECT p.name, p.quantity_in_stock 
    FROM products p
    JOIN product_conditions pc ON p.product_id = pc.product_id
    JOIN conditions c ON pc.condition_id = c.condition_id
    LEFT JOIN synonyms s ON c.condition_id = s.condition_id
    WHERE c.condition_name = ? OR s.synonym_name = ?
    '''
    
    cursor.execute(query, (condition_name, condition_name))
    results = cursor.fetchall()
    
    conn.close()
    return results

# Example usage
results = search_products_by_condition('flu')
for result in results:
    print(result)