如何用另一个键替换哈希键

问题描述 投票:167回答:8

我有一个条件,我得到一个哈希

  hash = {"_id"=>"4de7140772f8be03da000018", .....}

我希望这个哈希为

  hash = {"id"=>"4de7140772f8be03da000018", ......}

P.S:我不知道哈希中的键是什么,它们是随机的,每个键都有一个“_”前缀,我不想要下划线

ruby-on-rails ruby ruby-on-rails-3 hash
8个回答
38
投票

如果所有键都是字符串并且所有键都有下划线前缀,那么您可以使用以下方法修补哈希值:

h.keys.each { |k| h[k[1, k.length - 1]] = h[k]; h.delete(k) }

除了第一个角色之外,k[1, k.length - 1]位抓住了所有k。如果你想要一份副本,那么:

new_h = Hash[h.map { |k, v| [k[1, k.length - 1], v] }]

要么

new_h = h.inject({ }) { |x, (k,v)| x[k[1, k.length - 1]] = v; x }

如果你不喜欢用于提取子字符串的sub表示法,你也可以使用k[]

h.keys.each { |k| h[k.sub(/\A_/, '')] = h[k]; h.delete(k) }
Hash[h.map { |k, v| [k.sub(/\A_/, ''), v] }]
h.inject({ }) { |x, (k,v)| x[k.sub(/\A_/, '')] = v; x }

并且,如果只有一些键具有下划线前缀:

h.keys.each do |k|
  if(k[0,1] == '_')
    h[k[1, k.length - 1]] = h[k]
    h.delete(k)
  end
end

可以对上面的所有其他变体进行类似的修改,但这两个变体:

Hash[h.map { |k, v| [k.sub(/\A_/, ''), v] }]
h.inject({ }) { |x, (k,v)| x[k.sub(/\A_/, '')] = v; x }

没有额外修改的键没有下划线前缀应该没问题。


657
投票
hash[:new_key] = hash.delete :old_key

124
投票

rails Hash有标准方法:

hash.transform_keys{ |key| key.to_s.upcase }

http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Hash.html#method-i-transform_keys

UPD:ruby 2.5方法


14
投票

你可以做

hash.inject({}){|option, (k,v) | option["id"] = v if k == "_id"; option}

这适用于您的情况!


10
投票
h.inject({}) { |m, (k,v)| m[k.sub(/^_/,'')] = v; m }

10
投票

如果我们想要重命名哈希中的特定键,那么我们可以按如下方式执行: 假设我的哈希是 my_hash = {'test' => 'ruby hash demo'} 现在我想用'message'替换'test',然后: my_hash['message'] = my_hash.delete('test')


2
投票
hash.each {|k,v| hash.delete(k) && hash[k[1..-1]]=v if k[0,1] == '_'}

1
投票

我做得过头了,想出了以下内容。我背后的动机是在合并/展平哈希时附加哈希键以避免范围冲突。

例子

Extend Hash Class

向Hash实例添加重定密钥方法。

# Adds additional methods to Hash
class ::Hash
  # Changes the keys on a hash
  # Takes a block that passes the current key
  # Whatever the block returns becomes the new key
  # If a hash is returned for the key it will merge the current hash 
  # with the returned hash from the block. This allows for nested rekeying.
  def rekey
    self.each_with_object({}) do |(key, value), previous|
      new_key = yield(key, value)
      if new_key.is_a?(Hash)
        previous.merge!(new_key)
      else
        previous[new_key] = value
      end
    end
  end
end

Prepend Example

my_feelings_about_icecreams = {
  vanilla: 'Delicious',
  chocolate: 'Too Chocolatey',
  strawberry: 'It Is Alright...'
}

my_feelings_about_icecreams.rekey { |key| "#{key}_icecream".to_sym }
# => {:vanilla_icecream=>"Delicious", :chocolate_icecream=>"Too Chocolatey", :strawberry_icecream=>"It Is Alright..."}

Trim Example

{ _id: 1, ___something_: 'what?!' }.rekey do |key|
  trimmed = key.to_s.tr('_', '')
  trimmed.to_sym
end
# => {:id=>1, :something=>"what?!"}

Flattening and Appending a "Scope"

如果您将哈希传递回重定密钥,它将合并散列,这允许您展平集合。这允许我们在展平哈希时为我们的键添加范围,以避免在合并时覆盖密钥。

people = {
  bob: {
    name: 'Bob',
    toys: [
      { what: 'car', color: 'red' },
      { what: 'ball', color: 'blue' }
    ]
  },
  tom: {
    name: 'Tom',
    toys: [
      { what: 'house', color: 'blue; da ba dee da ba die' },
      { what: 'nerf gun', color: 'metallic' }
    ]
  }
}

people.rekey do |person, person_info|
  person_info.rekey do |key|
    "#{person}_#{key}".to_sym
  end
end

# =>
# {
#   :bob_name=>"Bob",
#   :bob_toys=>[
#     {:what=>"car", :color=>"red"},
#     {:what=>"ball", :color=>"blue"}
#   ],
#   :tom_name=>"Tom",
#   :tom_toys=>[
#     {:what=>"house", :color=>"blue; da ba dee da ba die"},
#     {:what=>"nerf gun", :color=>"metallic"}
#   ]
# }

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